Mitochondrial DNA-HVR1 Variation Reveals Genetic Heterogeneity in Thai-Isan Peoples from the Lower Region of Northeastern Thailand — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Mitochondrial DNA-HVR1 Variation Reveals Genetic Heterogeneity in Thai-Isan Peoples from the Lower Region of Northeastern Thailand
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
,
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
The Thai-Isan are the largest ethnic group in Northeastern Thailand, who migrated from the territory of present-day Laos around 200 years ago. There are a limited number of previous studies of mtDNA diversity in Northeastern Thai populations. The present study investigates genetic variation and genetic structure in three Thai-Isan populations by analyzing mitochondrial DNA variation in hypervariable region 1. We also evaluate genetic relationship and admixture between Thai-Isan and surrounding populations from Northeastern Thailand, and neighboring countries. The studied Thai-Isan populations reveal genetic differentiation from each other and from compared populations. Thai-Isan exhibit a close relationship with surrounding populations, particularly the Lao and Khmer, reflecting extensive gene flow among them. Admixture proportions observed in most Thai-Isan populations exhibit a higher contribution from the parental Lao than the Khmer. Different admixture patterns reflect genetic heterogeneity of Thai-Isan groups. The lower the latitude, the higher the Khmer contribution might be associated with the ethnic constitution of parental populations in each Thai-Isan population. More genetic data from HVR2 and coding regions, as well as different marker systems are needed to infer population history of Thai-Isan populations.
Andrews, R. M., Kubacka, I., Chinnery, P. F., Lightowlers, R. N., Turnbull, D. M., & Howell, N. (1999). Reanalysis and revision of the Cambridge reference sequence for human mitochondrial DNA. Nature Genetics, 23, 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/7727
Bertorelle, G., & Excoffier, L. (1998). Inferring admixture proportions from molecular data. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 15, 1298-1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025858
Black, M. L., Dufall, K., Wise, C., Sullivan, S., & Bittles, A. H. (2006). Genetic ancestries in northwest Cambodia. Annals of Human Biology, 33, 620-627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014460600882561
Bodner, M., Zimmermann, B., Rock, A., Kloss-Brandstatter, A., Horst, D., Horst, B., Sengchanh, S., Sanguansermsri, T., Horst, J., Kramer, T., Schneider, P. M., & Parson, W. (2011). Southeast Asian diversity: First insights into the complex mtDNA structure of Laos. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 11, 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-49
Bonnie Pacala, B., & Somroay, Y. (2010). Buddhist murals of northeast Thailand: Reflection of the Isan heartland. Chiangmai: Silkworm Books.
Boonsoda, P., Srithawong, S., Srikuka, S., & Kutanan, W. (2013). Mitochondrial DNA variation of the Khmer in Surin Province, Thailand. Thai Journal of Genetics, 6, 40-48.
Cavalli-Sforza, L. L., & Feldman M. W. (2003). The application of molecular genetic approaches to the study of human evolution. Nature Genetics, 33, 266-275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1113
Davis, M. C., Novak, S. J., & Hampikian, G. (2011). Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of an immigrant Basque population: Loss of diversity due to founder effects. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 144, 516-525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21432
Dupanloup, I., & Bertorelle, G. (2001). Inferring admixture proportions from molecular data: Extension to any number of parental populations. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 18, 672-675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003847
Excoffier, L., & Lischer, H. E. L. (2010). Arlequin suite ver 3.5: A new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows. Molecular Ecology Resources, 10, 564-567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02847.x
Excoffier, L., Smouse, P., & Wuattro, J. (1992). Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distance among DNA haplotypes: Application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Genetics, 131, 479-491.
Fu, Y. X. (1997). Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations against population growth, hitchhiking and background selection. Genetics, 147, 915-925.
Fucharoen, G., Fucharoen, S., & Horai, S. (2001). Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms in Thailand. Journal of Human Genetics, 46, 115-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100380170098
Harpending, H. C. (1994). Signature of ancient population growth in a low-resolution mitochondrial DNA mismatch distribution. Human Biology, 66, 591-600.
Hurles, M. E., Nicholson, J., Bosch, E., Renfrew, C., Sykes, B. C., & Jobling, M. A. (2002). Y chromosomal evidence for the origins of Oceanic-speaking peoples. Genetics, 160, 289-303.
Kampuansai, J., Bertorelle, G., Castri, L., Nakbunlung, S., Seielstad, M., & Kangwanpong, D. (2007). Mitochondrial DNA variation of Tai speaking peoples in northern Thailand. Science Asia, 33, 443-448. http://dx.doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2007.33.443
Keyes, C. (1967) Isan: Regionalism in northeastern Thailand. New York: Department of Asian Studies, Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University.
Keyes, C. (1974). A note on the ancient towns and cities of northeastern Thailand. Southeast Asian Studies, 11, 497-506.
Khanittanan, W. (2001). Khmero-Thai: The great change in the history of Thai language in the Chao Praya basin. Journal of Language and Linguistics, 19, 35-50.
Lertrit, P., Poolsuwan, S., Thosarat, R., Sanpachudayan, T., Boonyarit, H., Chinpaisal, C., & Suktitipat, B. (2008). Genetic history of southeast Asian populations as revealed by ancient and modern human mitochondrial DNA analysis. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 137, 425-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20884
Lewis, M. P. (2009). Ethnologue: Languages of the world (16th ed.). Dallas: SIL International. http://www.ethnologue.com/
Librado, P., & Rozas, J. (2009) DnaSP v5: A software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Bioinformatics, 25, 1451-1452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp187
Malyarchuk, B. A., Perkova, M. A., Derenko, M. V., Vanecek, T., Lazur, J., & Gomolcak, P. (2008). Mitochondrial DNA variability in Slovaks, with application to the Roma origin. Annals of Human Genetics, 72, 228-240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00410.x
McCargo, D., & Hongladarom, K. (2004). Contesting Isan-ness: Discourses of Politics and Identity in Northeast Thailand. Asian Ethnicity, 5, 220-234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1463136042000221898
Peng, M. S., Quang, H. H., Dang, K. P., Trieu, A. V., Wang, H. W., Yao, Y. G., Kong, Q. P., & Zhang, Y. P. (2010). Tracing the Austronesian footprint in mainland southeast Asia: A perspective from mitochondrial DNA. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 27, 2417-2430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msq131
Premsrirat, S. (1999). Language and ethnicity on Khorat Plateau. In The Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre, Thailand: Culture and Society (pp. 267-284). Bangkok: Ruen Kaew Printing.
Rogers, A. R., & Harpending, H. (1992). Population growth makes waves in the distribution of pairwise genetic differences. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 9, 552-569.
Schliesinger, J. (2000). Ethnic groups of Thailand: Non-Tai-speaking peoples. Bangkok: White Lotus Press.
Schliesinger, J. (2001). Tai Group of Thailand, Volume 1: Introduction and overview. Bangkok: White Lotus Press.
Schurr, T. G., Sukernik, R. I., Starikovskaya, Y. B., & Wallace, D. C. (1999). Mitochondrial DNA variation in Koryaks and Itel’men: Population replacement in the Okhotsk sea-Bering sea region during the Neolithic. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 108, 1-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199901)108:1 3.0.CO;2-1
Smalley, W. A. (1988). Multilingualism in the Northern Khmer population of Thailand. Language Sciences, 10, 395-408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0388-0001(88)90023-X
Smalley, W. A. (1994). Linguistic diversity and national unity: Language ecology in Thailand. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Tajima, F. (1989). Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism. Genetics, 123, 585-595.
Talbot, S., & Janthed, C. (2002). Northeast Thailand before Angkor: Evidence from an Archaeological Excavation at the Prasat Hin Phimai. Asia Perspectives, 40, 179-194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/asi.2001.0027
Vail, P. (2006). Can a language of a million speakers be endangered? Language shift and apathy among northern Khmer speakers in Thailand. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 178, 135-147.
Vail, P. (2007). Thailand’s Khmer as “invisible minority”: Language, ethnicity and cultural politics in north-eastern Thailand. Asian Ethnicity, 8, 111-130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14631360701406247
Welch, D. J. (1998). Archaeology of northeast Thailand in relation to the pre-Khmer and Khmer historical records. International Journal of Historical Archaeology, 2, 205-233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1027320309113
Winichakul, T. (2000). The quest for “Siwilai”: A geographical discourse of civilizational thinking in the late nineteenth and early twentieth-century Siam. The Journal of Asian Studies, 59, 528-549.
Wongtaed, S. (1999). Explore Isan society and cultures. Bangkok: Art and culture Press.
Wyatt, D. K. (1969). The politics of reform in Thailand. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Wyatt, D. K. (1984). Thailand: A short history. New Haven: Yale University Press.