Typological Analyses of Urban Forms along the Tarim River during the Qing Dynasty
- 1 Shanghai Conservatory of Music, Shanghai, China
Abstract
This research aims at exploring the urban forms along the Tarim river during the Qing dynasty by using textual critical analyses and field investigation in order to restore and study the interactions between the arid environment and Manchuria administration. The reunification of Xingjiang during the Qing dynasty was a defining event in the dynastic history of China, yet it remains less-discussed how water-mediated oases interacted with Manchu governance. Restricted by the water resource, cities along the Tarim River could be divided into three different geomorphological regions, namely, piedmont alluvial fans (represented by Kuche), river alluvial plains (represented by Xinping), and river tails (represented by Ruoqiang). The typological analysis of these cities subsequently reveals that the driven factors of urbanizations in arid areas go to government-led migration, promotion of cultivated-farming and opened-up official routes. In light of the results obtained, this research could be useful for reviewing the borderland reclamation during the Qing while offering new elements of observation likely to improve regional development in arid areas.
- Cheng, Y. N. (2019). Reflections on the Urban Planning Problems in the Border Areas of China in Early Modern China. Journal of Yunnan Normal University, 51, 1-7.
- Ge, J. X. (2008). Unification and Division: Implications from Chinese History. Zhonghua Book Company.
- Guo, D. D., & He, Y. (2013). From Kutsi to Kuche: Protection and Development of Kuqa Historic City. Zhong Xi Book Company.
- Hao, Y. L. (2020). The Construction of “Ili Nine Cities” in Xinjiang in the Qing Dynasty: The Origin of “Manchu Cities” Formation. The Qing History Journal, No. 3, 42-53.
- He, Y. M. (2014). Local Administrative System Reform and Urban Development of Southern Xinjiang from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. Journal of Jiangsu Normal University, 40, 72-78.
- He, Y. M. (2019). A Study of Xinjiang’s Urban and Regional Development in the 20th Century. Sichuan People’s Publishing House.
- He, Y. M., & Li, L. (2018). A Historical Survey on the Construction of the Urban System and Characteristics of Urban Distribution of Modern Xinjiang. Journal of Ethnology, 9, 9-20+94-97.
- Huang, D. Y. (2006). Amalgamation under Segregation: Development and Social Evolution of Xinjiang Cities in Qing Dynasty (1795-1911). Ph.D. Thesis, Sichuan University.
- Jia, D., Fang, X. Q., & Zhang, C. P. (2017). Coincidence of Abandoned Settlements and Climate Change in the Xinjiang Oases Zone during the Last 2000 Years. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 27, 1100-1110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-017-1424-2
- Leng, S. Y., & Song, C. Q. (2005). Review of Land Surface Geographical Process Study and Prospects in China. Advances in Earth Science, 20, 600-606.
- Lin, E. X. (1988). The Ethnic Segregation Polices on the Uyghur and the Han during the Qing Dynasty. The Commercial Press.
- Liu, Y. A. (2013). Frontiers and Hubs: A Study of Urban Development in Modern Xinjiang (1884-1949). Ph.D. Thesis, Northwest University.
- Luan, F. M., Xiong, H., Wang, Z. G., & Wang, F. (2016). The Distributional Characteristics and Drive Factors of Cultural Heritage Sites and Relics since the Paleolithic Age in Xinjiang, China. Journal of Desert Research, 36, 1496-1502.
- Su, K. J. (2007). An Analysis of the Xinjiang Manchu Cities in the Qing Dynasty. Journal of Xinjiang University, No. 5, 81-87.