Socio-Anthropological Representations of the Introduction of Productive Sanitation among the Gouro, Yowlè, Baoulé and Mossi Peoples of the Bouaflé Department in Côte d’Ivoire

Abstract

Productive or ecological sanitation (ECOSAN) is the use of solid and liquid waste as a valuable resource, particularly in agriculture. Hygienized human urine and faeces have been used as biofertilizers to increase agricultural productivity by sustainably sanitizing the living environment of rural communities. This study was carried out in four rural communities of Bouaflé to understand their social representations and practices of productive sanitation. Urine-diverting dry toilets (UDDT), acquired by beneficiaries identified through voluntary registration, were introduced into the communities as tools for collecting excreta, which would be transformed into biofertilizer after hygienization. This qualitative and quantitative study enabled us to better address the issue of innovation within communities. The results showed that representations vary from one community to another, and are influenced by their beliefs and cultural values. However, all communities agree that the use of TSDU is restrictive, and that the use of hygienized human urine and faeces in agriculture is repugnant. On the other hand, 80% of people are motivated by the idea of free organic fertilizer. This study led us to use the sociological and psychosocial approach to master the local dynamics of the ecological sanitation approach in rural areas.