Considering the frequent plagiarism and plunder of genetic resources in China, the analysis of genetic resources protection has become a very important issue. This paper used literature analysis method to discuss the protection of genetic resources from the perspective of intellectual property protection. This paper reviewed current practices and policies on intellectual property, and access to genetic resources, in an attempt to better understand the nature of genetic resources and the difficulties of intellectual property protection, expound theoretical framework of genetic resource protection, so as to propose corresponding improvement suggestions under the context of China.
Aguilar, G. (2001). Access to Genetic Resources and Protection of Traditional Knowledge in the Territories of Indigenous Peoples. Environmental Science & Policy, 4, 241-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1462-9011(01)00028-4
Bisht, I. S., Bhat, K. V., Lakhanpaul, S., Latha, M., Jayan, P. K., Biswas, B., & Singh, A. K. (2005). Diversity and Genetic Resources of Wild Vigna Species in India. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 52, 53-68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-005-0286-0
Dong, Y. (2018). The Protection of Genetic Resources Right in the Perspective of Interests. Intellectual Property, 4, 78-82+96.
Du, L. (2007). On systems of Biological Genetic Resources Protection in Developing Countries. Master’s Thesis, Beijing: China University of Political Science and Law.
European Patent Office (2018). Biotechnology Patents at EPO. http://www.epo.org/news-issues/issues/biotechnology-patents.html
Gepts, P. (2004). Who Owns Biodiversity, and How Should the Owners Be Compensated? Plant Physiology, 134, 1295-1307. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.103.038885
Glowka, L. (1998). A Guide to Designing Legal Framework to Deternine Access to Genetic Resources. Bonn, Germany: IUCN Environment Law Centre.
Hu, Z. (2013). Management and Utilization of Human Genetic Resources in the UK. Global Science and Technology Economics Outlook, 28, 16-20.
Li, Y. (2016). The Thesis on the Regime of Access and Benefit-Sharing and Intellectual Property. Hebei Law Science, 34, 51-59.
Li, Y., & Wu, J. (2017). Status, Cases and Enlightenment of Australian Legal System for Access and Benefit Sharing of Biological Genetic Resources. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 34, 24-29.
Liao, X. (2012). Thoughts on Constructing the System of Access and Benefit Sharing of Genetic Resources in China. Jiangxi Social Sciences, 32, 163-167.
Liu, F. (2010). Comparison of Genetic Resources Access and Benefit Sharing Systems in Europe and America. Economic Forum, 1, 213-215.
Liu, X. (2017). On the Improvement of the Legal System of Access and Benefit Sharing of Genetic Resources in China. Legal System and Economy, 12, 58-59+70.
Lu, B. (2017). A Comparative Study on Sino-US Patent Protection System of Animals and Plants. World Agriculture, 7, 87-89+244.
Lu, X. (2012). Study on the Allocation of Property Rights of Forestry Plant Genetic Resources. Fujian Forum, 4, 27-30.
Luo, S. (2007). Benefit Sharing and Intellectual Property Protection of Genetic Resources. Master’s Thesis, Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
Maskus, K. E. (2001). Intellectual Property Challenges for Developing Countries: An Economic Perspective. University of Illinois Law Review, 4, 457-474.
OECD (1996). Intellectual Property, Technology Transfer and Genetic Resources. http://www.oecd.org/science/emerging-tech/1947170.pdf
Qiao, X. (2011). Patent Protection System of Genetic Resources in China. Master’s Thesis, Wuhan: Huazhong Normal University.
Qin, T. (2006). Research on Legal Issues of Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing. Wuhan: Wuhan University Press.
Qin, T. (2007). The Regulatory Model of Access and Benefit-Sharing of Genetic Resources in the European Union and Its Member States—Also on the Enlightenment to China. Science & Technology and Law, 2, 84-90.
Santos, L. A. (2010). Genetic Research in Native Communities. Progress in Community Health Partnerships, 2, 321-327. https://doi.org/10.1353/cpr.0.0046
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (1992). Bonn Guidelines on Access to Genetic Resources and Fair and Equitable Sharing of the Benefits Arising out of Their Utilization. https://www.cbd.int/doc/publications/cbd-bonn-gdls-en.pdf
Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (1992). Convention on Biological Diversity.
Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (2007). Animal Husbandry Law of the People’s Republic of China (2007 Revision). http://www.lawinfochina.com/display.aspx?lib=law&id=4865&CGid
Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (2009). Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China.
Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (2016). Wild Animal Conservation Law of the People’s Republic of China (2016 Revision). http://en.pkulaw.cn/display.aspx?id=22418&lib=law&SearchKeyword=&SearchCKeyword
Tao, X. (1996). A Brief Discussion on Environmental Colonialism in Contemporary International Relations. Journal of School of International Relations, 3, 8-13.
Von Lewinskied, S. (2004). Indigenous Heritage and Intellectual Property: Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore. Netherlands: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Wei, L. (2014). Legal Protection of Biological Genetic Resources from the Perspective of International Human Rights. Journal of Jilin Teachers Institute of Engineering and Technology, 30, 11-14.
World Intellectual Property Organization (2013). Intellectual Property, Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions/Folklore: A Guide for Countries in Transition. https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_transition_9.pdf
World Intellectual Property Organization (2016). The Protection of Traditional Knowledge, Genetic Resources and Expressions of Folklore Act. https://www.wipo.int/tk/en/databases/tklaws/articles/article_0082.html
Wu, J. (2016a). International Experience of National Legislation on Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit Sharing. Environmental Protection, 44, 71-74.
Wu, J. (2016b). The Protection of Intellectual Property Rights Related to Biological Genetic Resources and Traditional Knowledge in China Needs to Be Strengthened. World Environment, 48, 16-18.
Wu, J., Xue, D., Zhao, F., & Wang, Y. (2013). Impacts of the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Plant Genetic Resources and Benefit Sharing in China. Biodiversity Science, 21, 758-764. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.07153
Xu, S. (2015). Discussion on Domestic Legal Regulation of Biopiracy. Environmental Protection and Circular Economy, 35, 4-9.
Yan, H., & Wu, Q. (2012). International Legislation on Benefit Sharing of Biological Genetic Resources and Construction of Chinese System. World Agriculture, 8, 45-49.
Zhang, C., & Zhou, Y. (2013). Intellectual Property Rights on Plant Genetic Resources: Perspective from Economics. Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment, 10, 59-63. https://doi.org/10.1080/10042857.2012.10685110
Zhang, Q. (2015). Study on the Disclosure System of the Source of Genetic Resources in the Patent Law. Master’s Thesis, Shanghai: East China University of Politics and Law.
Zhang, X. (2007). On the Access and Benefit-Sharing of Chinese Genetic Resources. Science of Law: Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law, 1, 142-157.
Zhang, X. (2012). The Research of Law issues Access to and Benefit-Sharing of Genetics. Master’s Thesis, Changsha: Central South University of Forestry and Technology.
Zhao, J. (2008). Study on the Basic Issues of Community Knowledge Right in the Protection of Biological and Genetic Resources. Lanzhou Academic Journal, 7, 115-119.
Zhou, Y. (2016). Research on Intellectual Property Protection of Biological Genetic Resources. Master’s Thesis, Harbin: Northeast Forestry University.