This paper analyzes the discourses and voices linked with the shepherd process of change. The disappearance of traditional shepherd has begun a sequence of transformations in the sheep livestock in the depopulated rural areas in central Spain. Mainly are changes associated with the organization of work, the size of flock and the management of rural space. These processes of change present different characteristics even in small rural areas. The methods are mainly qualitative based on semi-structured interviews and extensive presence in the research area. The case study is the Pela Mountains in Soria province. The results of qualitative analysis suggest a process of change in the management of sheep, mainly associated with the increase of flock of sheep, disappearance of the salaried shepherd and a process of individualization in the use of municipal space.
Acosta, R. (2001). Memoria de la tierra, campos de la memoria. Los agroecosistemas tradicionales de Tentudía. Tentudía: Centro comarcal.
Anderson, K. (1998). Animals, Science, and Spectacle in the City. In J. Wolch, & J. Emel (Eds.), Animal Geographies: Place, Politics, and Identity in the Nature-Culture Bordelands (pp. 27-50). London: Verso.
Asdal, K., Druglitro, T., & Hinchliffe, S. (2016). Human, Animals and Biopolitics. The More-Than Human Condition. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315587639
Bedotti, D., Gómez Castro, A. G. et al. (2005). Aspectos sociológicos de los sistemas de producción caprina en el oeste pampeano (Argentina). Archivos de Zootecnia, 54, 599-608.
Bixler, P. (2013). The Political Ecology of Local Environment Narratives: Power, Knowledge, and Mountain Caribou Conservation. Journal of Political Ecology, 20, 273-285. https://doi.org/10.2458/v20i1.21749
Bock, B., & Buller, H. J. (2013). Healthy, Happy and Humane: Evidence in Farm Animal Welfare Policy. Sociologia Ruralis, 53, 390-411. https://doi.org/10.1111/soru.12011
Buxadé, C. (1998). Ovino de carne: Aspectos clave. Madrid: Mundiprensa.
Carrasco, E. (2015). Ser pastor por unos días en Soria. https://www.rutaenfamilia.com/ser-pastor-por-unos-dias-en-soria/
Christie, N. et al. (2004). Manolo’s World: Peopling the Recent Past in the Serra de l’Almirant. Leicester: University of Leicester.
Cloke, P. (1997). Poor country. Marginalisation, Poverty and Rurality. In P. Cloke, & J. Little (Eds.), Contested Countryside Cultures (pp. 252-271). London: Routledge.
Cloke, P., & Little, J. (1997). Conclusion. Marginality and Rural Others. In P. Cloke, & J. Little (Eds.), Contested Countryside Cultures (pp. 272-284). London: Routledge.
Crang, M. A. (2007). Doing Ethnographies. London: Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849208949
Dunn, K. (2003). Interviewing. In I. Hay (Ed.), Qualitative Research Methods in Human Geography (pp. 50-82). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Elwood, S. A., & Martin, D. G. (2000). “Placing” Interviews: Location and Scales of Power in Qualitative Research. The Professional Geographer, 52, 649-657. https://doi.org/10.1111/0033-0124.00253
Esteban, C. (1997). El ganado ovino y caprino en el área de la Unión Europea y en el Mundo. Madrid: MAPA.
Gray, J. (1998). Family Farms in the Scottish Borders: A Practical Definition by Hill Sheep Farmers. Journal of Rural Studies, 14, 341-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0743-0167(98)00010-2
Greenhough, B. (2010). Vitalist Geographies: Life and the More-Than-Human. In B. Anderson, & P. Harrison (Eds.), Taking-Place: Non Representational Theories and Geography (pp. 37-54). London: Ashgate.
Hay, I. (2003). Qualitative Research Methods in Human Geography. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hodgetts, T. (2017). Wildlife Conservation, Multiple Biopolitics and Animal Subjectification: Three Mammals’ Tales. Geoforum, 79, 17-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.12.003
Hoggart, K., Lees, L., & Davies, A. (2002). Researching Human Geography. London: Arnold.
Holloway, L. (2002). Smallholding, Hobby-Farming, and Commercial Farming: Ethical Identities and the Production of Farming Spaces. Environment and Planning A, 34, 2055-2070. https://doi.org/10.1068/a34261
Holloway, L. (2019). Smallholder Knowledge-Practices and Smallholding Animals: Threats or Alternatives to Agricultural Biosecurity? Journal of Rural Studies, 69, 19-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.04.013
Izquierdo, J., & Barreda, G. (2006). Marqueses, funcionarios, políticos y pastores. Crónica de un siglo de desencuentros entre naturaleza y cultura en los Picos de Europa. Oviedo: Nobel.
Jones, O. (2000). (Un)ethical Geographies of Human-Non-Human Relations: Encounter, Collectives and Spaces. In C. Philo, & C. Wilbert (Eds.), Animal Spaces, Beastly Places (pp. 268-292). London: Routledge.
Jones, O. (2003). ‘The Restraint of Beast’: Rurality, Animality, Actor Network Theory and Dwelling. In P. Cloke (Ed.), Country Visions (pp. 283-307). London: Pearson.
Khosrobeigi, R. (2018). Gender Identities and Farm Survival: Women’s Activities in the Agricultural Sector in Remote Rural Areas. Corvinus Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 9, 77-98. https://doi.org/10.14267/CJSSP.2018.2.04
Kopsel, V., Walsh, C., & Leyshon, C. (2017). Landscape Narratives in Practice: Implications for Climate Change Adaptation. The Geographical Journal, 183, 175-186. https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12203
Laforge, J., & McLachlan, S. (2018). Environmentality on the Canadian Prairies: Settler-Farmer Subjectivities and Agri-Environmental Objects. Antipode, 50, 359-383. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12362
Lavín, P., Mantecón, A. R., & Giráldez, F. J. (2000). Sistemas de pastoreo y utilización del territorio. Ovis, 74, 11-29.
Little, J. (2008). Nature, Fear and Rurality. In R. Pain, & J. Smith (Eds.), Fear: Critical Geopolitics and Everyday Life (pp. 87-97). Abdington: Ashgate.
Lorimer, J. (2008). Charismatic Natures. In R. Kitchin, & N. Thrift (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, (pp. 324-330). Amsterdam: Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008044910-4.00560-5
Lorimer, J., & Driessen, C. (2016). From ‘Nazi Cows’ to Cosmopolitan ‘Ecological Engineers’: Specifying Rewilding through a History of Heck Cattle. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 106, 631-652. https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1115332
Lorimer, J., Hodgetss, T., & Barua, M. (2019). Animals’ Atmospheres. Progress in Human Geography, 43, 26-45. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132517731254
Luhrs, D. (2018). Australia’s Family Farms and Farming Communities: Interdependent, Reconstituted, Threatened Spaces. Journal of Rural Studies, 62, 77-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.07.005
Montañes, E. et al. (2019). Los últimos pastores del campo español. https://www.abc.es/sociedad/abci-ultimos-pastores-campo-espanol-201902260216_noticia.html
Palleruelo, S. (1991). Pastores del Pirineo. Método y gentes. In L. V. Elias (Ed), Sobre cultura pastoral (pp. 283-299). Madrid: Centro de Investigación and Animación Etnográfica.
Paniagua, A. (2006). La nueva figura del pastor propietario en las áreas rurales despobladas. Revista de Ganadería, 38, 20-25.
Paniagua, A. (2007). Shepherd and Owners of Sheep in the Southwest of Soria. An Interpretation for Depopulated Areas. AZ Archivos de Zootecnia, 56, 839-849.
Paniagua, A. (2013). Farmers in Remote Rural Areas: The Worth of Permanence in the Place. Land Use Policy, 35, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.04.017
Paniagua, A. (2017). Spatial and Individual Resistance(s) in Depopulated and Remote Rural Areas. Space and Polity, 21, 303-317. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562576.2017.1355874
Philo, C., & Wilbert, C. (2000). Animal Spaces, Beastly Places. An Introduction. In Animal Spaces, Beastly Places. New Geographies of Human-Animal Relations. (pp. 1-34). London: Routledge.
Pickerill, J., & Chatterton, P. (2006). Notes towards Autonomous Geographies: Creation, Resistance and Self-Management as Survival Tactics. Progress in Human Geography, 30, 730-746. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132506071516
Riley, M. (2010). Emplacing the Research Encounter: Exploring Farm Life Histories. Qualitative Inquiry, 16, 651-662. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800410374029
Riley, M. (2011). ‘Letting Them Go’—Agricultural Retirement and Human-Livestock Relations. Geoforum, 42, 16-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2010.08.004
Riley, M., & Harvey, D. (2007). Oral Histories, Farm Practice and Uncovering Meaning in the Countryside. Social and Cultural Geography, 8, 391-415. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649360701488823
Rodríguez Pascual, M. A., & Gómez Sal, A. (1991). Cultura y tradición pastoril en la montaña oriental leonesa. In L. V. Elías (Ed.), Sobre cultura pastoril (pp. 301-332). Madrid: Centro de Investigación and Animación Etnográfica.
Sánchez, A., & Sánchez, M. C. (1986). Razas ovinas españolas. Madrid: MAPA.
Sierra, I. (2003). Evolución y cambios socioeconómicos del sector ovino-caprino en España durante la última década. Madrid: MAPA.
Urbanik, J. (2012). Placing animals: an introduction to the geography of human-animal relations. New York: Rowman and Littlefield.
Whatmore, S. (2002). Hybrid Geographies: Natures, Cultures, Spaces. London: Sage.
Whatmore, S. (2006). Materialist Returns: Practicing Cultural Geography in and for a More-Than-Human World. Cultural Geographies, 13, 600-609. https://doi.org/10.1191/1474474006cgj377oa
Williams, B., & Riley M. (2018). The Challenge of Oral History to Environmental History. Environment and History. https://doi.org/10.3197/096734018X15254461646503
Wilson, H. (2017). On Geography and Encounter: Bodies, Borders, and Difference. Progress in Human Geography, 41, 451-471. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132516645958
Yarwood, R., & Evans, N. (1998). New Places for “Old Spots”: The Changing Geographies of Domestic Livestock Animals. Society and Animals, 6, 137-166. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853098X00122