Antiviral Activity of Natural Compounds Immuno Formula Shiban2/5 against SARS-CoV-2
- 1 Research Department, Shiban Pharma Inc., Laval, Canada
- 2 Research Department, Shiban Pharma Inc., Laval, Canada
- 3 Research Department, Shiban Pharma Inc., Laval, Canada
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 poses a significant risk to global healthcare systems based on the recent worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. Spike proteins are the hallmark of SARS-Cov-2, which bind to ACE2 receptors that lead to cell and membrane fusion. To address and alleviate respiratory health issues, we at Shiban Pharma have developed a range of natural products derived from plant and herb extracts, recognized for their antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, such as propolis extracts. In this study, we are evaluating the effects of the immuno-formula Shiban 2 and Shiban 5 (IF 2/5) on the infection of airway epithelial cells (A549) and primary airway epithelial cell (PAEC) by SARS-CoV-2. The objective is to evaluate the effects of IF 2/5 and of a placebo on viral infection. Our in vitro data demonstrates that IF 2/5 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the compounds in IF 2/5 exhibit synergy, as determined by the Bliss method and Bliss synergy score. The Bliss synergy model was applied to explore the interaction between Propolis and Tannic Acid in modulating SARS-CoV-2 infection inhibition. Finally, our IF 2/5 also displays anti-inflammatory effects on cytokine markers IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-8, contributing to an antiviral immunomodulatory response in the Propolis and Tannic Acid combination in vitro .
- Muralidar, S., Ambi, S.V., Sekaran, S. and Krishnan, U.M. (2020) The Emergence of COVID-19 as a Global Pandemic: Understanding the Epidemiology, Immune Response and Potential Therapeutic Targets of SARS-CoV-2. Biochimie , 179, 85-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.018
- Van Noorden, R. (2022) COVID Death Tolls: Scientists Acknowledge Errors in WHO Estimates. Nature , 606, 242-244. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-01526-0
- Jackson, C.B., Farzan, M., Chen, B. and Choe, H. (2021) Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Entry into Cells. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology , 23, 3-20. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-021-00418-x
- Bindra, G.K., Williams, S.A., Lay, F.T., Baxter, A.A., Poon, I.K.H., Hulett, M.D., et al. (2022) Human β-Defensin 2 (HBD-2) Displays Oncolytic Activity but Does Not Affect Tumour Cell Migration. Biomolecules , 12, Article 264. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12020264
- de la Rica, R., Borges, M. and Gonzalez-Freire, M. (2020) COVID-19: In the Eye of the Cytokine Storm. Frontiers in Immunology , 11, Article 558898. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.558898
- Young, T.K. and Zampella, J.G. (2020) Supplements for COVID-19: A Modifiable Environmental Risk. Clinical Immunology , 216, Article 108465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2020.108465
- Gasmi, A., Chirumbolo, S., Peana, M., Noor, S., Menzel, A., Dadar, M., et al. (2021) The Role of Diet and Supplementation of Natural Products in COVID-19 Prevention. Biological Trace Element Research , 200, 27-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02623-3
- Anand, A.V., Balamuralikrishnan, B., Kaviya, M., Bharathi, K., Parithathvi, A., Arun, M., et al. (2021) Medicinal Plants, Phytochemicals, and Herbs to Combat Viral Pathogens Including SARS-CoV-2. Molecules , 26, Article 1775. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061775
- Berretta, A.A., Silveira, M.A.D., Cóndor Capcha, J.M. and De Jong, D. (2020) Propolis and Its Potential against SARS-CoV-2 Infection Mechanisms and COVID-19 Disease. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy , 131, Article 110622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110622
- Haddad, M., Gaudreault, R., Sasseville, G., Nguyen, P.T., Wiebe, H., Van De Ven, T., et al. (2022) Molecular Interactions of Tannic Acid with Proteins Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences , 23, Article 2643. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052643
- Chen, H.F., Wang, W.-J., Chen, C.-Y., Chang, W.-C., Hsueh, P.-R., Peng, S.-L., et al. (2023) The Natural Tannins Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins and Punicalagin Are Potent Inhibitors of Infection by SARS-CoV-2. eLife , 12, e84899. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.84899