In order to establish the sequence dependence of RimJ-mediated protein N-terminal acetylation in E. coli , the Z-domain variants differing by the second or third amino acid residue were expressed and analyzed by mass spectrometry. Only subsequent to the initiating methionine residue cleavage, the RimJ-catalyzed N-terminal acetylation mainly occurred at the N-terminal serine and threonine residues and was significantly enhanced by hydrophobic or negatively charged residues in the penultimate position.
Walsh, C. (2006) Posttranslational Modification of Proteins: Expanding Nature’s Inventory. Roberts and Co. Publishers, Englewood.
Waller, J.P. (1963) Nh2-Terminal Residues of Proteins from Cell-Free Extracts of E. coli. Journal of Molecular Biology, 7, 483-496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2836(63)80096-0
Arnold, R.J. and Reilly, J.P. (1999) Observation of Escherichia coli Ribosomal Proteins and Their Posttranslational Modifications by Mass Spectrometry. Analytical Biochemistry, 269, 105-112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abio.1998.3077
Smith, V.F., Schwartz, B.L., Randall, L.L. and Smith, R.D. (1996) Electrospray Mass Spectrometric Investigation of the Chaperone SecB. Protein Science, 5, 488-494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pro.5560050310
Arai, K., Clark, B.F.C., Duffy, L., Jones, M.D., Kaziro, Y., Laursen, R.A., Litalien, J., Miller, D.L., Nagarkatti, S., Nakamura, S., Nielsen, K.M., Petersen, T.E., Takahashi, K. and Wade, M. (1980) Primary Structure of Elongation-Factor Tu from Escherichia coli. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 77, 1326-1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.77.3.1326
Yoshikawa, A., Isono, S., Sheback, A. and Isono, K. (1987) Cloning and Nucleotide Sequencing of the Genes RimI and RimJ Which Encode Enzymes Acetylating Ribosomal-Proteins S18 and S5 of Escherichia coli K12. Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 209, 481-488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331153
Tanaka, S., Matsushita, Y., Yoshikawa, A. and Isono, K. (1989) Cloning and Molecular Characterization of the Gene RimL Which Encodes an Enzyme Acetylating Ribosomal Protein L12 of Escherichia coli K12. Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 217, 289-293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02464895
Scott, D.C., Monda, J.K., Bennett, E.J., Harper, J.W. and Schulman, B.A. (2011) N-Terminal Acetylation Acts as an Avidity Enhancer within an Interconnected Multiprotein Complex. Science, 334, 674-678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1209307
Arnesen, T. (2011) Towards a Functional Understanding of Protein N-Terminal Acetylation. PLOS Biology, 9, e1001074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1209307
Andersen, J.L. and Kornbluth, S. (2011) Meeting the (N-Terminal) End with Acetylation. Cell, 146, 503-505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.07.024
Hwang, C.S., Shemorry, A. and Varshavsky, A. (2010) N-Terminal Acetylation of Cellular Proteins Creates Specific Degradation Signals. Science, 327, 973-977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1183147
Van Doren, S.R., Wei, S., Gao, G., DaGue, B.B., Palmier, M.O., Bahudhanapati, H. and Brew, K. (2008) Inactivation of N-TIMP-1 by N-Terminal Acetylation When Expressed in Bacteria. Biopolymers, 89, 960-968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.21043
Luka, Z., Loukachevitch, L.V. and Wagner, C. (2008) Acetylation of N-Terminal Valine of Glycine N-Methyltransferase Affects Enzyme Inhibition by Folate. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1784, 1342-1346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2008.04.016
Ogawa, H., Gomi, T., Takata, Y., Date, T. and Fujioka, M. (1997) Recombinant Expression of Rat Glycine N-Methyl-transferase and Evidence for Contribution of N-Terminal Acetylation to Cooperative Binding of S-Adenosylmethionine. Biochemical Journal, 327, 407-412.
Urbancikova, M. and Hitchcock-DeGregori, S.E. (1994) Requirement of Amino-Terminal Modification for Striated Muscle Al-pha-Tropomyosin Function. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 269, 24310-24315.
Charbaut, E., Redeker, V., Rossier, J. and Sobel, A. (2002) N-Terminal Acetylation of Ectopic Recombinant Proteins in Escherichia coli. FEBS Letters, 529, 341-345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03421-X
Honda, S., Asano, T., Kajio, T. and Nishimura, O. (1989) Escherichia coli-Derived Human Interferon-Gamma with Cys-Tyr-Cys at the N-Terminus Is Partially N Alpha-Acylated. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 269, 612-622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(89)90147-1
Wu, J., Chang, S., Gong, X., Liu, D. and Ma, Q. (2006) Identification of N-Terminal Acetylation of Recombinant Human Prothymosin Alpha in Escherichia coli. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1760, 1241-1247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.04.001
Grutter, M.G., Marki, W. and Walliser, H.P. (1985) Crystals of the Complex between Recombinant N-Acetyleglin c and Subtilisin—A Preliminary Characterization. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 260, 1436-1437.
Takao, T., Kobayashi, M., Nishimura, O. and Shimonishi, Y. (1987) Chemical Characterization of Recombinant Human Leukocyte Interferon A Using Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 262, 3541-3547.
Bariola, P.A., Russell, B.A., Monahan, S.J. and Stroop, S.D. (2007) Identification and Quantification of Nα-Acetylated Y. pestis Fusion Protein F1-V Expressed in Escherichia coli Using LCMSE. Journal of Biotechnology, 130, 11-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.02.024
Ren, Y., Yao, X., Dai, H., Li, S., Fang, H., Chen, H. and Zhou, C. (2011) Production of Nα-Acetylated Thymosin Alpha1 in Escherichia coli. Microbial Cell Factories, 10, 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2859-10-26
Fang, H.Q., Zhang, X., Shen, L., Si, X.X., Ren, Y.T., Dai, H.M., Li, S.L., Zhou, C.L. and Chen, H.P. (2009) RimJ Is Responsible for Nα-Acetylated of Thymosin Alpha 1 in Escherichia coli. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 84, 99-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-009-1994-8
Bernal-Perez, L.F., Sahyouni, F., Prokai, L. and Ryu, Y. (2012) RimJ-Mediated Context-Dependent N-Terminal Acetylation of the Recombinant Z-Domain Protein in Escherichia coli. Molecular BioSystems, 8, 1128-1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2mb05499j
Hirel, P.H., Schmitter, J.M., Dessen, P., Fayat, G. and Blanquet, S. (1989) Extent of N-Terminal Methionine Excision from Escherichia coli Proteins Is Governed by the Side-Chain Length of the Penultimate Amino-Acid. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 86, 8247-8251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.21.8247
Gentle, I.E., De Souza, D.P. and Baca, M. (2004) Direct Production of Proteins with N-Terminal Cysteine for Site-Specific Conjugation. Bioconjugate Chemistry, 15, 658-663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bc049965o
Polevoda, B. and Sherman, F. (2003) N-Terminal Acetyltransferases and Sequence Requirements for N-Terminal Acetylation of Eukaryotic Proteins. Journal of Molecular Biology, 325, 595-622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2836(02)01269-X
Falb, M., Aivaliotis, M., Garcia-Rizo, C., Bisle, B., Tebbe, A., Klein, C., Konstantinidis, K., Siedler, F., Pfeiffer, F., and Oesterhelt, D. (2006) Archaeal N-Terminal Protein Maturation Commonly Involves N-Terminal Acetylation: A Large-Scale Proteomics Survey. Journal of Molecular Biology, 362, 915-924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2006.07.086