Rapid Diagnostic Test Kits Detection of Malaria Parasites among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal in Selected Hospitals in Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Rapid Diagnostic Test Kits Detection of Malaria Parasites among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal in Selected Hospitals in Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
Department of Zoology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
,
Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria
,
Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria
1 Department of Zoology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
2 Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria
3 Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria
A study was carried out to determine the status of malaria in four (4) selected hospitals in Anyigba, Dekina Local Government Area, Kogi State. A total of 300 pregnant women attending antenatal were tested for malaria parasite us ing rapid diagnostic test kits. Blood samples w ere obtained from finger by pricking and tested for malaria parasites. Structured questionnaires were administered to the pregnant women to obtain relevant information on the clinical and social aspects of malaria. A prevalence of 13.0% (39 women) was observed among pregnant women in Anyigba. Grimard Hospital and Egume General Hospital had the highest prevalence of 14.7% each; Maria Goretti Hospital had a prevalence of 13.3%, while KSUTH had the least prevalence of 9.3%. Age prevalence revealed that women with age < 20 years had the highest prevalence of 29.4% which was significant (p > 0.05) from the other age categories. Unemployed and women in their second trimester had the highest prevalence of 17.1% and 16.0% respectively. On the gravidity of the pregnant women, primigravidae (21.9%) was higher than multigravidae (10.6%) signif icantly (p < 0.05). Women from a polygamous family had a prevalence of 15.2% higher than those from monogamous family with a prevalence of 12.4%. The findings of this study revealed that malaria continues to exert significant public health and economic burden among pregnant women in parts of Dekina Local Government Area of Kogi State. Continuous efforts at providing necessary information by relevant health organizations are needed to control and reduce incidence of malaria in this area.
KeywordsMalariaPregnant WomenAnyigbaKogi State
World Health Organization (WHO) (2013) World Malaria Report 2013. http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world_malaria_report_2013/en/
Pluess, B., Mueller, I., Levi, D., King, G., Smith, T.A. and Lengeler, C. (2009) Malaria—A Major Health Problem within an Oil Palm Plantation around Popondetta, Papua New Guinea. Malaria Journal, 8, 56-66. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-8-56
Pluess, B., Tanser, F.C., Lengeler, C. and Sharp, B.L. (2010) Indoor Residual Spraying for Preventing Malaria. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4, Article ID: CD006657. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006657.pub2
National Population Commission (NPC) (2009) Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2008. ICF Macro, Calverton Maryland, 661.
Noland, G.S., Graves, P.M., Sallau, A., Eigege, A., Emukah, E., Patterson, A.E., Ajiji, J., Okorofor, I., Oji, O.U. and Umar, M. (2014) Malaria Prevalence, Anemia and Baseline Intervention Coverage Prior to Mass Net Distributions in Abia and Plateau States, Nigeria. Biomedical Center of Infectious Diseases, 14, 168. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-168
Federal Ministry of Health Abuja (FMHA) (2005) National Malaria Control Programmed Annual Report. Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja.
Newman, R.D., Hailemariam, A., Jimma, D., Degifie, A., Kebede, D., Rietveld, A.E., Nahlen, B.L., Barnwell, J.W., Steketee, R.W. and Parise, M.E. (2003) Burden of Malaria during Pregnancy in Areas of Stable and Unstable Transmission in Ethiopia during a Non-Epidemic Year. Journal of Infectious Disease, 187, 1765-1772. https://doi.org/10.1086/374878
World Health Organization (2008) World Malaria Report. World Health Organization, Geneva, 99-101.
Agomo, C.O., Oyibo, W.A., Anorlu, R.I. and Agomo, P. (2009) Prevalence of Malaria in Pregnant Women in Lagos, South West Nigeria. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 47, 179-183. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.2.179
Federal Ministry of Health Report (FMHR) (2000) Malaria Situation Analysis Document. Nigeria Federal Ministry of Health, 14.
Adefioye, O.A., Adeyeba, O.A., Hassan, W.O. and Oyeniran, O.A. (2007) Prevalence of Malaria Parasite Infection among Pregnant Women in Osogbo Southwest, Nigeria. American-Eurasian Journal of scientific Research, 2, 43-45.
Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) (2011) National Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria by National Malaria Control Programme of Nigeria. 4-5.
Okpere, E.E., Enabudoso, E.J. and Osemwenkha, A.P. (2010) Malaria in Pregnancy. Nigeria Medical Journal, 51, 109-113.
Dhiman, S., Yadav, K., Goswami, D., Das, N., Baruah, L. and Singh, L. (2012) Epidemiology and Risk Analysis of Malaria among Pregnant Women. Iran Journal of Public Health, 41, 1-8.
Center Diseased Control (CDC) (2004) Malaria. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
World Health Organization (WHO) (2014) MDG 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases. World Health Organization, Geneva. http://www.who.int/topics/millennium_development_goals/diseases/en/
Ogboi, J.S., Agu, P.U., Fagbamigbe, A.F., Audu, O., Akubue, A. and Ifeyinwa, O. (2014) Misdiagnosis of Malaria Using Wrong Buffer Substitutes for Rapid Diagnostic Tests in Poor Resource Setting in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. Malaria World Journal, 5, 1-6.
Ifatimehin, O.O. and Ufuah, M.E. (2006) The Effect of a Spatial Structure on Rural Economy: A Case of Kogi State University on Anyigba and Its Environ. Confluence Journal of Environmental Studies, 1, 61-70.
Araoye, M.O. (2004) Sample Size Determination in Research Methodology with Statistics for Health and Social Sciences. Nathadex Publishers, Ilorin, 115-121.
Fana, S.A., Bunza, M.D.A., Anka, S.A., Imam, A.U. and Nataala, S.U. (2015) Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Malaria Infection among Pregnant Women in a Semi-Urban Community of North-Western Nigeria. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 4, 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-015-0054-0
Ogbu, G.I., Aimakhu, C.O., Ajen Anzaku, S., Ngwan, S. and Ogbu, D.A. (2015) Prevalence of Malaria Parasitaemia among Asymptomatic Women at Booking Visit in a Tertiary Hospital, Northcentral Nigeria. Journal of Reproductive Biology and Health, 3, 1. https://doi.org/10.7243/2054-0841-3-1
Akaba, G.O., Otubu, J.A.M., Agida, E.T. and Onafowokan, O. (2013) Knowledge and Utilization of Malaria Preventive Measures among Pregnant Women at a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria’s Federal Capital Territory. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 16, 201-206. https://doi.org/10.4103/1119-3077.110162
Ohalete, C.N., Dozie, I.N.S., Nwachukwu, M.I. and Obiukwu, C.E. (2011) Epidemiology and Socio-Economic Consequences of Malaria in Pregnant Women in Imo State, Nigeria. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 5, 3895-3900.
Volkman, S.K., Sabeti, P.C., DeCaprio, D., Neafsey, D.E., Schaffner, S.F., et al. (2007) A Genome-Wide Map of Diversity in Plasmodium Falciparum. Nature Genetics, 39, 113-119. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1930
Tay, S.C.K., Agboli, E., Abruquah, H.H. and Walana, W. (2013) Malaria and Anaemia in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women of Child-Bearing Age at the University Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana. Open Journal of Medical Microbiology, 3, 193-200. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojmm.2013.33029
Alaku, I.A., Abdullahi, A.G. and Kana, H.A. (2014) Epidemiology of Malaria Parasites Infection among Pregnant Women in Some Part of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Developing Country Studies, 5. http://www.iiste.org
Usip, L.P.E. and Opara, K.N. (2008) Longitudinal Study of Malaria Infection in Uyo Urban Nigeria. Proceedings of Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria, 24-27 September 2008, 25.
Brabin, B.J. (1983) An Analysis of Malaria in Pregnancy in Africa. Bulletin of World Health Organisation, 61, 1005-1016.
Nosten, F., Ter-Kuile, F.O., Maelankirri, L., et al. (1991) Malaria during Pregnancy in an Area of Unstable Endemicity. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 85, 424-429.
Menendez, C. (1995) Malaria during Pregnancy: A Priority Area of Malaria Research and Control Parasitology. Today, 11, 178-183.
Nwagha, U.I., Ugwu, V.O., Nwagha, T.U. and Anyaehie, U.S.B. (2009) Asymptomatic Plasmodium parasitaemia in Pregnant Nigerian Women: Almost a Decade after Roll Back Malaria. Transaction of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 103, 16-20.
Bouyou-Akotet, M.K., Lonete-Collard, D.E., Mabika-Manfoumbi, M., Kendjo, E., Matsiegui, P.B., Mavoungou, E., et al. (2003) Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Pregnant Women in Gabon. Malaria Journal, 2, 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-2-18
Ogbodo, S.O., Nwagha, U.I., Okaka, A.N.C., Ogenyi, S.C., Okoko, R.O. and Nwagha, T.U. (2009) Malaria Parasitaemia among Pregnant Women in a Rural Community of Eastern Nigeria; Need for Combined Measures. Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences, 24, 95-100.
Nair, L.S. and Nair, A.S. (1993) Effects of Malaria Infection on Pregnancy. Indian Journal of Malariology, 30, 207-214.
Rogerson, S.J., Mwapasa, V. and Meshnick, S.R. (2007) Malaria in Pregnancy: Linking Immunity and Pathogenesis to Prevention. American Journal Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 6, 14-22.
Anorlu, R.I., Odum, C.U. and Essien, E.E. (2001) Asymptomatic Malaria Parasitaemia in Pregnant Women at Booking in a Primary Health Care Facility in a Periurban Community in Lagos, Nigeria. African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 30, 39-41.
WHO (1996) A Rapid Dipstick Antigen Capture Assay for the Diagnosis of falciparum Malaria. WHO Informal Consultation on Recent Advances in Diagnostic Techniques and Vaccines for Malaria. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 74, 47-54.