Effect of Copper (II) Ions on Quality of Struvite Produced in Continuous Reaction Crystallization Process at the Magnesium Ions Excess
- 1 Wroclaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego, Wroclaw, Poland
- 2 Wroclaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego, Wroclaw, Poland
- 3 Silesian University of Technology, Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, M. Strzody, Gliwice, Poland
- 4 Wroclaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego, Wroclaw, Poland
Abstract
The research results concerning continuous removal of phosphate (V) ions from solutions containing 1.0 or 0.20 mass % of phosphate (V) ions and 0.2 or 0.5 mg/kg of copper (II) ions using magnesium and ammonium ions addition are presented. Continuous reaction crystallization of struvite MgNH 4 PO 4 × 6H 2 O ran both under stoichiometric conditions and at 20% excess of magnesium ions (pH 9, t 900 s). It was concluded, that presence of copper (II) ions in a process system influenced product quality moderately advantageously. Mean size of struvite crystals enlarged by ca. 6% only. Lower concentration of phosphate (V) ions and excess of magnesium ions caused, that products of ca. 9 % - 13% larger crystal mean size (up to ca.40 m m) were removed from the crystallizer. Presence of struvite crystals and copper (II) hydroxide were detected analytically in the products (Cu in a product varied from 6 to 90 mg/kg). Presence of copper (II) ions favored crystallization of struvite in the form of tubular crystals.
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