Process Optimization of Effective Partition Constant in Progressive Freeze Concentration of Wastewater
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the process parameters for effective partition constant (K) in progressive freeze concentration (PFC) of wastewater. The effects of coolant temperature, circulation flowrate, initial solution concentration and circulation time on the effective partition constant were observed. Results show that the data were adequately fitted into a second-order polynomial model. The linear and quadratic of independent variables, coolant temperature, circulation flowrate, initial solution concentration and circulation time as well as their interactions have significant effects on the effective partition constant. It was predicted that the optimum process parameters within the experimental ranges for the best K would be with coolant temperature of -8.8℃, circulation flowrate of 1051.1 ml/min, initial solution concentration of 6.59 mg/ml and circulation time of 13.9 minutes. Under these conditions, the effective partition constant is predicted to be 0.17.
- C. J. Geankoplis, “Transport Processes and Unit Operations,” 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1993.
- M. Rodriguez, S. Luque, J. R. Alvarez and J. Coca, “A Comparative Study of Reverse Osmosis and Freeze Concentration for the Removal of Valeric Acid from Waste-water,” Desalination Journal, Vol. 127, No. 1, 2000, pp. 1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(99)00187-3
- J. N. Shena, D. D. Li, F. Y. Jianga, J. H. Qiua and C. J. Gaob, “Purification and Concentration Of Collagen By Charged Ultrafiltration Membrane Of Hydrophilic Polyacrylonitrile Blend,” Separation and Purification Technology, Vol. 66, No. 2, 2009, pp. 257-262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2009.01.002
- O. Miyawaki, L. Liu, Y. Shirai, S. Sakashita and, K. Kagitani, “Tubular Ice System for Scale-Up of Progressive Freeze-concentration,” Journal of Food Engineering, Vol. 69, No. 1, 2005, pp. 107-113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.07.016
- R. Ruemerkof, “Freeze Concentration: Its Application in Hazardous Wastewater Treatment,” Journal of Environmental Sciences and Pollution Control Series, Vol. 7, 1994, pp. 513-524.
- V. Partyka, “Freeze for Wastewater Recovery,” Metal Finishing, Vol. 84, No. 11, 1986, pp. 55-57.
- Y. Shirai, T. Sugimoto, M. Hashimoto, K. Nakanishi and R. Matsuno, “Mechanism of Ice Growth in a Batch Crystallization with an External Cooler for Freeze Concentration,” Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Vol. 51, No. 9, 1987, pp. 2359-2366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.51.2359
- F. G. F. Qin, X. Yang and M. Yang, “An Adhesion Model of the Axial Dispersion in Wash Columns of Packed Ice Beds,” Separation and Purification Technology, Vol. 79, No. 3, 2011, pp. 321-328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2011.03.016
- J. A. Cornell, “How to Apply Response Surface Methodology,” American Society for Quality Control Statistics Division (ASQC), 1990.
- C. Cojocaru and M. Khayet, “Sweeping Gas Membrane Distillation of Sucrose Aqueous Solutions: Response Surface Modeling and Optimization,” Separation and Purification Technology, Vol. 81, No. 1, 2011, pp. 12-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2011.06.031
- I. A. W. Tan, A. L. Ahmad and B. H. Hameed, “Preparation of Activated Carbon from Coconut Husk: Optimisation Study on Removal of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol Using Response Surface Methodology,” Journal of Hazardous Material, Vol. 153, No. 1-2, 2008, pp. 709-717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.09.014