In this work, LiFePO 4 /C (LFP/C) cathode materials with superior electrochemical performance have been prepared by coaxial and uniaxial electrospinning method. The electrode materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Also, cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were performed on these materials. The experimental results indicate that the electrochemical properties of LFP/C-C, such as specific capacity, coulombic efficiency, Li + diffusion coefficient and overpotential are significantly improved. The enhanced electrical conductivity and polarization of the LFP/C-C electrode are mainly due to its porous morphology and amorphous carbon coating layer.
Liu, H., Yang, H. and Li, J. (2010) A Novel Method for Preparing LiFePO4 Nanorods as a Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Power Batteries. Electrochimica Acta, 55, 1626-1629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2009.10.039
Padhi, A.K., Nanjundaswamy, K.S. and Goodenough, J.B. (1997) Phospho-Olivines as Positive-Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 144, 1188-1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1837571
Zhang, W.J. (2011) Structure and Performance of LiFePO4 Cathode Materials: A Review. Journal of Power Sources, 196, 2962-2970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.11.113
Liu, Z., Tay, S.W., Hong, L. and Lee, J.Y. (2011) Physical and Electrochemical Characterizations of LiFePO4-ncorporated Ag Nanoparticles. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 15, 205-209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10008-010-1085-x
Gaberscek, M., Dominko, R. and Jamnik, J. (2007) Is Small Particle Size More Important than Carbon Coating? An Example Study on LiFePO4 Cathodes. Electrochemistry Communications, 9, 2778-2783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2007.09.020
Paolo, P., Lisi, M., Zane, D. and Pasquali, M. (2002) Determination of the Chemical Diffusion Coefficient of Lithium in LiFePO4. Solid State Ionics, 148, 45-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2738(02)00134-0
Andersson, A.S., Kalska, B., Haggstrom, L. and Thomas, J.O. (2000) Lithium Extraction/Insertion in LiFePO4: An X-Ray Diffraction and M?ssbauer Spectroscopy Study. Solid State Ionics, 130, 41-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2738(00)00311-8
Swain, P., Viji, M., Mocherla, P.S.V. and Sudakar, C. (2015) Carbon Coating on the Current Collector and LiFePO4 Nanoparticles—Influence of sp2 and sp3-Like Disordered Carbon on the Electrochemical Properties. Journal of Power Sources, 293, 613-625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.05.110
Wang, G., Ma, Z., Shao, G., Kong, L. and Gao, W. (2015) Synthesis of LiFePO4@carbon Nanotube Core-Shell Nanowires with a High-Energy Efficient Method for Superior Lithium Ion Battery Cathodes. Journal of Power Sources, 291, 209-214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.05.027
Zhao, N., LI, Y., Zhi, X., Wang, L., Zhao, X., Wang, Y. and Liang, G. (2016) Effect of Ce3+ Doping on the Properties of LiFePO4 Cathode Material. Journal of Rare Earths, 34, 174-180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0721(16)60011-X
Naik, A., Zhou, J., Gao, C., Liu, G. and Wang, L. (2016) Rapid and Facile Synthesis of Mn Doped Porous LiFePO4/C from Iron Carbonyl Complex. Journal of the Energy Institute, 89, 21-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2015.01.013
Li, J., Zhang, L., Qu, Q., Zhang, L. and Zheng, H. (2013) A Monodispersed Nano-Hexahedral LiFePO4 with Improved Power Capability by Carbon-Coatings. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 579, 377-383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.06.097
Li, M., Sun, L., Sun, K., Yu, S., Wang, R. and Xie, H. (2012) Synthesis of Nano-LiFePO4 Particles with Excellent Electrochemical Performance by Electrospinning-Assisted Method. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 16, 3581-3586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10008-012-1790-8
Delacourt, C., Poizot, P., Levasseur, S. and Masquelier, C. (2012) Size Effects on Carbon-Free LiFePO4 Powders. Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 9, A352-A355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2201987
Wang, J.M., Cai, F.P., Yang, G., Wang, B. and Hu, S.Q. (2015) Synthesis of Porous LiFePO4/C Composite Materials by CCVD Method. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 44, 307-311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1875-5372(15)30025-4
Xie, M., Zhang, X., Wang, Y., Deng, S., Wang, H., Liu, J., Yan, H., Laakso, J. and Lev?nen, E. (2013) A Template-Free Method to Prepare Porous LiFePO4 via Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Electrochimica Acta, 94, 16-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.01.131
Yu, W., Wu, L., Zhao, J., Zhang, Y., Li, G. and Gai, H. (2012) Fabrication of Porous Platelike LiFePO4/C Cathode Materials via Hydrothermal Process. Powder Technology, 230, 219-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2012.07.034
Yang, J., Wang, J., Wang, D., Li, X., Geng, D., Liang, G., Gauthier, M., Li, R. and Sun, X. (2012) 3D Porous LiFePO4/Graphene Hybrid Cathodes with Enhanced Performance for Li-Ion Batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 208, 340-344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.02.032
Yu, F., Lim, S.H., Zhen, Y., An, Y. and Lin, J. (2014) Optimized Electrochemical Performance of Three-Dimensional Porous LiFePO4/C Microspheres via Microwave Irradiation Assisted Synthesis. Journal of Power Sources, 271, 231-238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.08.009
Chen, R., Wu, Y. and Kong, X.Y. (2014) Monodisperse Porous LiFePO4/C Microspheres Derived by Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Process Combined with Carbothermal Reduction for High Power Lithium-Ion Batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 258, 246-252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.02.068
Chen, M., Wang, X., Shu, H., Yu, R., Yang, X. and Huang, W. (2015) Solvothermal Synthesis of Monodisperse Micro-Nanostructure Starfish-Like Porous LiFePO4 as Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 652, 213-219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.08.221
Guo, J.X., Chen, L., Zhang, X., Chen, H.X. and Tang, L. (2013) Template-Free Solvothermal Synthesis of Monodisperse Porous LiFePO4 Microsphere as a High-Power Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Materials Letters, 106, 290-293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2013.05.044
Chen, Z., Zhao, Q., Xu, M., Li, L., Duan, J. and Zhu, H. (2015) Electrochemical Properties of Self-Assembled Porous Micro-Spherical LiFePO4/PAS Composite Prepared by Spray-Drying Method. Electrochimica Acta, 186, 117-124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2015.10.143
Du, J., Bin Kong, L., Liu, H., Liu, J.B., Liu, M.C., Zhang, P., Luo, Y.C. and Kang, L. (2014) Template-Free Synthesis of Porous-LiFePO4/C Nanocomposite for High Power Lithium-Ion Batteries. Electrochimica Acta, 123, 1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.12.157
Zhu, C., Yu, Y., Gu, L., Weichert, K. and Maier, J. (2011) Electrospinning of Highly Electroactive Carbon-Coated Single-Crystalline LiFePO4 Nanowires. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 50, 6278-6282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201005428
Hosono, E., Wang, Y., Kida, N., Enomoto, M., Kojima, N., Okubo, M., et al. (2011) Synthesis of Triaxial LiFePO4 Nanowire with a VGCF Core Column and a Carbon Shell through the Electrospinning Method. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 2, 212-218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am900656y
Qiu, Y., Geng, Y., Li, N., Liu, X. and Zuo, X. (2014) Nonstoichiometric LiFePO4/C Nanofibers by Electrospinning as Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Battery. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 144, 226-229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2013.12.027
Li, M., Sun, L., Sun, K., Yu, S., Wang, R. and Xie, H. (2012) Synthesis of Nano-LiFePO4 Particles with Excellent Electrochemical Performance by Electrospinning-Assisted Method. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 16, 3581-3586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10008-012-1790-8
Kim, J.-K., Cheruvally, G. and Ahn, J.-H. (2008) Electrochemical Properties of LiFePO4/C Synthesized by Mechanical Activation Using Sucrose as Carbon Source. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 12, 799-805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10008-007-0425-y
Lalia, B.S., Shah, T. and Hashaikeh, R. (2015) Microbundles of Carbon Nanostructures as Binder Free Highly Conductive Matrix for LiFePO4 Battery Cathode. Journal of Power Sources, 278, 314-319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.12.079
Zheng, F., Yang, C., Ji, X., Hu, D., Chen, Y. and Liu, M. (2015) Surfactants Assisted Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Nano-LiFePO4/C Cathode Materials for Low Temperature Applications. Journal of Power Sources, 288, 337-344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.04.126