This study investigates the impacts of deforestation within the influence area of the BR-319 highway on local climate conditions following its planned reconstruction. High-resolution climate modeling indicates that mean air temperature may increase by up to 0.7˚C under the paved-road scenario (BAU_2) by 2100, with local increases exceeding 2.5˚C in deforested regions during the dry season. Precipitation is projected to rise by an average of up to 0.5 mm∙day − 1 , with local increases above 2.5 mm∙day − 1 in fragmented landscapes. However, this effect is likely temporary and may shift to declining rainfall as deforestation consolidates into large continuous areas. These effects are driven by reduced evapotranspiration, increased surface temperatures, and changes in atmospheric circulation patterns. Such alterations result in greater moisture convergence over deforested zones, thereby influencing the regional hydrological cycle. The comparison of different deforestation scenarios underscores the significant influence of highway development on local climate. The results highlight the importance of incorporating climate projections into environmental assessments to inform public policy decisions regarding infrastructure projects in the Amazon.
Nobre, C.A., Sampaio, G., Borma, L.S., Castilla-Rubio, J.C., Silva, J.S. and Cardoso, M. (2016) Land-Use and Climate Change Risks in the Amazon and the Need of a Novel Sustainable Development Paradigm. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 113, 10759-10768. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1605516113
Marengo, J.A. and Nobre, C.A. (2009) Clima da região amazônica. In: Cavalcanti, I.F.A., Ferreira, N.J., da Silva, M.G.A.J. and Silva Dias, M.A.F., Eds., Tempo e Clima no Brasil , Oficina de Textos, 197-212. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329466396_Mudancas_Climaticas_impactos_e_cenarios_para_a_Amazonia
Nobre, C.A., Marengo, J.A. and Artaxo, P. (2009) Understanding the Climate of Amazonia: Progress from LBA. In: Keller, M., et al ., Eds., Amazonia and Global Change , American Geophysical Union, 145-147. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gm000903
Zemp, D.C., Schleussner, C., Barbosa, H.M.J., Hirota, M., Montade, V., Sampaio, G., et al . (2017) Self-Amplified Amazon Forest Loss Due to Vegetation-Atmosphere Feedbacks. Nature Communications , 8, Article No. 14681. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14681
Fearnside, P.M., Barbosa, R.I. and Pereira, V.B. (2013) Emissões de gases do efeito estufa por desmatamento e incêndios florestais em Roraima: Fontes e sumidouros. Revista Agro@mbiente On - Line , 7, 95-111. https://doi.org/10.18227/1982-8470ragro.v7i1.971
Rocha, V.M., Correia, F.W.S., Satyamurty, P., De Freitas, S.R., Moreira, D.S., Da Silva, P.R.T., et al . (2015) Impacts of Land Cover and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Concentration Changes on the Hydrological Cycle in Amazon Basin: A Regional Climate Model Study. Revista Brasileira de Climatologia , 15, 7-27. https://doi.org/10.5380/abclima.v15i0.36386
Marengo, J.A., Souza, C.M., Thonicke, K., Burton, C., Halladay, K., Betts, R.A., et al . (2018) Changes in Climate and Land Use over the Amazon Region: Current and Future Variability and Trends. Frontiers in Earth Science , 6, Article No. 228. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2018.00228
Weng, W., Luedeke, M.K.B., Zemp, D.C., Lakes, T. and Kropp, J.P. (2018) Aerial and Surface Rivers: Downwind Impacts on Water Availability from Land Use Changes in Amazonia. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences , 22, 911-927. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-911-2018
Marengo, J.A. and Souza-Jr., C.M. (2018) Mudanças Climáticas: Impactos e cenários para a Amazônia. PPG em Ciência Ambiental-USP. https://www.oamanhaehoje.com.br/assets/pdf/Relatorio_Mudancas_Climaticas-Amazonia.pdf
Fearnside, P.M. (2020) Uso da terra na Amazônia e as mudanças climáticas globais. In: Fearnside, P.M., Ed., Destruição e Conservação da Floresta Amazônica , Vol. 1, Editora do INPA, 21-38. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340923492_Uso_da_terra_na_Amazonia_e_as_mudancas_climaticas_globais
Pielke, R.A., Pitman, A., Niyogi, D., Mahmood, R., McAlpine, C., Hossain, F., et al . (2011) Land Use/Land Cover Changes and Climate: Modeling Analysis and Observational Evidence. WIREs Climate Change , 2, 828-850. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.144
Gash, J.H.C. and Nobre, C.A. (1997) Climatic Effects of Amazonian Deforestation: Some Results from ABRACOS. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , 78, 823-830. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<0823:ceoads>2.0.co;2
Marengo, J.A. and Espinoza, J.C. (2015) Extreme Seasonal Droughts and Floods in Amazonia: Causes, Trends and Impacts. International Journal of Climatology , 36, 1033-1050. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4420
Seymour, F., Wolosin, M. and Gray, E. (2022) Not Just Carbon: Capturing All the Benefits of Forests for Stabilizing the Climate from Local to Global Scales. Report, World Resources Institute. https://doi.org/10.46830/wrirpt.19.00004
Gerow, A. and Seymour, F. (2023) Resumo Para Gestores de Política Implicações para o setor privado sobre os efeitos do desmatamento de florestas tropicais para além do carbono. https://files.wri.org/d8/s3fs-public/2023-09/implicacoes-para-o-setor-privado.pdf
Guimberteau, M., Ciais, P., Ducharne, A., Boisier, J.P., Dutra Aguiar, A.P., Biemans, H., et al . (2017) Impacts of Future Deforestation and Climate Change on the Hydrology of the Amazon Basin: A Multi-Model Analysis with a New Set of Land-Cover Change Scenarios. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences , 21, 1455-1475. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1455-2017
Gomes, W.d.B., Correia, F.W.S., Capistrano, V., Veiga, J.A.P., Vergasta, L.A., Chou, S.C., et al . (2020) Avaliação dos Impactos das Mudanças na Cobertura da Terra e Cenário de Emissões (RCP 8.5) no Balanço de água na Bacia do Rio Madeira. Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia , 35, 689-702. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-77863540076
Qin, Y., Wang, D., Ziegler, A.D., Fu, B. and Zeng, Z. (2025) Impact of Amazonian Deforestation on Precipitation Reverses between Seasons. Nature , 639, 102-108. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08570-y
Yoon, A. and Hohenegger, C. (2025) Muted Amazon Rainfall Response to Deforestation in a Global Storm-Resolving Model. Geophysical Research Letters , 52, e2024GL110503. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl110503
Lyra, A., Chou, S.C. and Dereczynski, C.P. (2007) Indicadores de turbulência a partir de previsões do modelo regional Eta. Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia , 22, 160-181. https://oasisbr.ibict.br/vufind/Record/SBMET-1_e6cf9131a1b15ce00782d3715d01ab77
Chou, S.C., Nobre, P., Maia, A., Freitas, E.D., Sampaio, G., Cavalcanti, I.F.A., et al . (2014) Avaliação de modelos globais e regionais climáticos. In: Base Científica das Mudanças Climáticas : V 1— Primeiro Relatório da Avaliação Nacional , UFRJ/PBMC, 323-361. http://mtc-m16d.sid.inpe.br/col/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m19/2012/01.04.16.25/doc/PBMC-VOLUME1-RAN1_8.pdf
Feser, F., Rockel, B., von Storch, H., Winterfeldt, J. and Zahn, M. (2011) Regional Climate Models Add Value to Global Model Data: A Review and Selected Examples. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , 92, 1181-1192. https://doi.org/10.1175/2011bams3061.1
Rockel, B. (2015) The Regional Downscaling Approach: A Brief History and Recent Advances. Current Climate Change Reports , 1, 22-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-014-0001-3
Ambrizzi, T., Reboita, M.S., da Rocha, R.P. and Llopart, M. (2018) The State of the Art and Fundamental Aspects of Regional Climate Modeling in South America. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , 1436, 98-120. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13932
Goddard, L., Mason, S.J., Zebiak, S.E., Ropelewski, C.F., Basher, R. and Cane, M.A. (2001) Current Approaches to Seasonal to Interannual Climate Predictions. International Journal of Climatology , 21, 1111-1152. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.636
Chou, S.C., Marengo, J.A., Lyra, A.A., Sueiro, G., Pesquero, J.F., Alves, L.M., et al . (2011) Downscaling of South America Present Climate Driven by 4-Member HadCM3 Runs. Climate Dynamics , 38, 635-653. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-011-1002-8
Avissar, R., Silva Dias, P.L., Silva Dias, M.A.F. and Nobre, C. (2002) The Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA): Insights and Future Research Needs. Journal of Geophysical Research : Atmospheres , 107, Article No. 8086. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd002704
Werth, D. and Avissar, R. (2002) The Local and Global Effects of Amazon Deforestation. Journal of Geophysical Research : Atmospheres , 107, Article No. 8087. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jd000717
Baidya Roy, S. and Avissar, R. (2002) Impact of Land Use/Land Cover Change on Regional Hydrometeorology in Amazonia. Journal of Geophysical Research : Atmospheres , 107, Article No. 8037. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jd000266
Correia, F., Alvalá, R. and Manzi, A. (2006) Impacto das modificações da cobertura vegetal no balanço de água na Amazônia: Um estudo com modelo de circulação geral da atmosfera (MCGA). Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia , 21, 153-167. http://mtc-m16b.sid.inpe.br/col/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m17@80/2007/04.23.18.44/doc/correia_rbm.pdf
Correia, F.W.S., Manzi, A.O., Cândido, L.A., Santos, R.M.N. and Pauliquevis, T. (2007) Balanço de umidade na Amazônia e sua sensibilidade às mudanças na cobertura vegetal. Ciência e Cultura , 59, 39-43. http://cienciaecultura.bvs.br/pdf/cic/v59n3/a16v59n3.pdf
Correia, F.W.S., Alvalá, R.C.S. and Manzi, A.O. (2007) Modeling the Impacts of Land Cover Change in Amazonia: A Regional Climate Model (RCM) Simulation Study. Theoretical and Applied Climatology , 93, 225-244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-007-0335-z
Pitman, A.J. and Lorenz, R. (2016) Scale Dependence of the Simulated Impact of Amazonian Deforestation on Regional Climate. Environmental Research Letters , 11, Article ID: 094025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/9/094025
Chambers, J.Q. and Artaxo, P. (2017) Deforestation Size Influences Rainfall. Nature Climate Change , 7, 175-176. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3238
Spracklen, D.V., Baker, J.C.A., Garcia-Carreras, L. and Marsham, J.H. (2018) The Effects of Tropical Vegetation on Rainfall. Annual Review of Environment and Resources , 43, 193-218. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-102017-030136
Fearnside, P.M., Graça, P.M.L.d.A., Keizer, E.W.H., Maldonado, F.D., Barbosa, R.I. and Nogueira, E.M. (2009) Modelagem de desmatamento e emissões de gases de efeito estufa na região sob influência da rodovia Manaus-Porto Velho (BR-319). Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia , 24, 208-233. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-77862009000200009
Fearnside, P.M. and Graça, P.M.L.d.A. (2009) BR-319: A rodovia Manaus-Porto Velho e o impacto potencial de conectar o arco de desmatamento à Amazônia central. Novos Cadernos NAEA , 12, 19-50. https://doi.org/10.5801/ncn.v12i1.241
Andrade, M.B., Ferrante, L. and Fearnside, P.M. (2021) Brazil’s Highway BR-319 Demonstrates a Crucial Lack of Environmental Governance in Amazonia. Environmental Conservation , 48, 161-164. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0376892921000084
Ferrante, L., Andrade, M.B.T. and Fearnside, P.M. (2021) Land Grabbing on Brazil’s Highway BR-319 as a Spearhead for Amazonian Deforestation. Land Use Policy , 108, Article ID: 105559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105559
Fearnside, P.M. (2024) Impactos da rodovia BR-319-9: O discurso de governança. Amazônia Real, 26 June 2024. https://amazoniareal.com.br/impactos-da-rodovia-br-319-9-o-discurso-de-governanca/
Fearnside, P.M. (2024) O relatório do GT BR-319 de DNIT: A mais recente manobra para obter aprovação para um desastre ambiental. Amazônia Real, 13 June 2024. https://amazoniareal.com.br/o-relatorio-do-gt-br-319-de-dnit-a-mais-recente-manobra-para-obter-aprovacao-para-um-desastre-ambiental/
De Castro, E.M.R., Monteiro, R. and Castro, C.P. (2004) Dinâmica de atores, uso da terra e desmatamento na rodovia Cuiabá-Santarém (Paper 179). Papers do NAEA , 1, 1-67. https://doi.org/10.18542/papersnaea.v13i1.11558
Passos, M.M. (2017) BR-163, de Cuiabá a Santarém: O papel dos agentes e sujeitos no ordenamento do território e na implementação de políticas públicas. Ci . & Tróp . Recife , 41, 139-164. https://periodicos.fundaj.gov.br/CIC/article/view/1609/1334
Brito, R. and Castro, E. (2018) Development and Conflict in the Amazon—A Glimpse into the Coloniality of On-Going Processes in Br-163. Revista NERA , 42, 51-73. https://doi.org/10.47946/rnera.v0i42.5679
INPE—Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (2023) PRODES. http://terrabrasilis.dpi.inpe.br/app/dashboard/deforestation/biomes/legal_amazon/rates
Barni, P.E., Fearnside, P.M. and Graça, P.M.L.A. (2018) Simulando desmatamento e perda de carbono na Amazônia: Impactos no Estado de Roraima devido à reconstrução da BR-319 (Manaus-Porto Velho). In: Oliveira, S.K.S. and Falcão, M.T., Eds., Roraima : Biodiversidade e Diversidades , Editora da Universidade Estadual de Roraima (UERR), 154-173. https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/35364
Fearnside, P.M. (2018) BR-319 e a destruição da floresta amazônica. Amazônia Real 19 October 2018. https://amazoniareal.com.br/br-319-e-destruicao-da-floresta-amazonica/
Laurance, W.F., Cochrane, M.A., Bergen, S., Fearnside, P.M., Delamônica, P., Barber, C., et al . (2001) The Future of the Brazilian Amazon. Science , 291, 438-439. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.291.5503.438
Laurance, W.F., Clements, G.R., Sloan, S., O’Connell, C.S., Mueller, N.D., Goosem, M., et al . (2014) A Global Strategy for Road Building. Nature , 513, 229-232. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13717
Barber, C.P., Cochrane, M.A., Souza, C.M. and Laurance, W.F. (2014) Roads, Deforestation, and the Mitigating Effect of Protected Areas in the Amazon. Biological Conservation , 177, 203-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.07.004
Ferrante, L. and Fearnside, P.M. (2019) Brazil’s New President and “Ruralists” Threaten Amazonia’s Environment, Traditional Peoples and the Global Climate. Environmental Conservation , 46, 261-263. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0376892919000213
Fearnside, P.M., Ferrante, L., Yanai, A.M. and Isaac-Júnior, M.A. (2020) Trans-Purus: Brazil’s Last Intact Amazon Forest at Immediate Risk (Commentary). Mongabay. https://news.mongabay.com/2020/11/trans-purus-brazils-last-intact-amazon-forest-at-immediate-risk-commentary/
IBGE—Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (2017) Geociências. https://www.ibge.gov.br/geociencias/downloads-geociencias.html
ICMBio—Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (2019) Limites das Unidades de Conservação Federais (atualizado em julho de 2019): Unidades de Conservação Federais—SHP (SIRGAS2000). https://www.gov.br/icmbio/pt-br/assuntos/dados_geoespaciais/mapa-tematico-e-dados-geoestatisticos-das-unidades-de-conservacao-federais
INCRA—Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (s.d.). https://dados.gov.br/dados/conjuntos-dados/acervo-fundiario
FUNAI (Fundação Nacional do Índio) (n.d.) Download de dados geográficos: Terra Indígena (Regularizada, Homologada, Declarada, Delimitada e Área em Estudo). https://www.gov.br/funai/pt-br/atuacao/terras-indigenas/geoprocessamento-e-mapas
Alvares, C.A., Stape, J.L., Sentelhas, P.C., de Moraes Gonçalves, J.L. and Sparovek, G. (2013) Köppen’s Climate Classification Map for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift , 22, 711-728. https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507
Fisch, G., Marengo, J.A. and Nobre, C.A. (1996) Clima da Amazônia. Revista Climanálise. https://www.ecodebate.com.br/2014/11/13/clima-da-amazonia-por-gilberto-fisch-jose-a-marengo-e-carlos-a-nobre/
Leite-Filho, A.T., Soares-Filho, B.S., Davis, J.L. and Rodrigues, H.O. (2020) Modeling Environmental Dynamics with Dinamica EGO. https://www.csr.ufmg.br/dinamica/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=guidebook_start
Chou, S.C., Bustamante, J.F. and Gomes, J.L. (2005) Evaluation of Eta Model Seasonal Precipitation Forecasts over South America. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics , 12, 537-555. https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-12-537-2005
Mesinger, F., Janjić, Z.I., Ničković, S., Gavrilov, D. and Deaven, D.G. (1988) The Step-Mountain Coordinate: Model Description and Performance for Cases of Alpine Lee Cyclogenesis and for a Case of an Appalachian Redevelopment. Monthly Weather Review , 116, 1493-1518. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1988)116<1493:tsmcmd>2.0.co;2
Janjić, Z.I. (1994) The Step-Mountain Eta Coordinate Model: Further Developments of the Convection, Viscous Sublayer, and Turbulence Closure Schemes. Monthly Weather Review , 122, 927-945. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<0927:tsmecm>2.0.co;2
Chou, S.C. (1996) Modelo regional Eta. Climanálise, Edição Comemorativa de 10 anos. Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos (CPTEC). http://climanalise.cptec.inpe.br/~rclimanl/especial.html
Harrigan, S., Zsoter, E., Alfieri, L., Prudhomme, C., Salamon, P., Wetterhall, F., et al . (2020) GloFAS-ERA5 Operational Global River Discharge Reanalysis 1979-Present. Earth System Science Data , 12, 2043-2060. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2043-2020
Funk, C., Peterson, P., Landsfeld, M., Pedreros, D., Verdin, J., Shukla, S., et al . (2015) The Climate Hazards Infrared Precipitation with Stations—A New Environmental Record for Monitoring Extremes. Scientific Data , 2, Article ID: 150066. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2015.66
INPE—Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (2024) Dados SAMeT. http://ftp.cptec.inpe.br/modelos/tempo/SAMeT/Read-me.pdf
Sánchez, L.E. (2013) Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental: Conceitos e Métodos. Oficina de Textos. https://repositorio.usp.br/directbitstream/b5f8d784-dfa9-40de-8857-add664ab3f88/Sanchez-2013-Avalia%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_impacto_ambiental.pdf
Ambrizzi, T., Rocha, R.P. da, Marengo, J.A., Pisnitchenco, I., Nunes, L.A. and Fernandez, J.P.R. (2007) Cenários regionalizados de clima no Brasil e América do Sul para o Século XXI: Projeções de clima futuro usando três modelos regionais (Relatório 3). Ministério do Meio Ambiente—MMA. http://mudancasclimaticas.cptec.inpe.br/~rmclima/pdfs/prod_probio/Relatorio_3.pdf
Pilotto, I.L. (2015) Representação dos Efeitos de Heterogeneidades da Superfície sobre o Clima Local em uma Região de Paisagem Fragmentada na Amazônia Utilizando o Modelo Eta/Noah-MP. INPE. http://mtc-m21b.sid.inpe.br/col/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21b/2015/07.29.21.37/doc/publicacao.pdf
Umair, M., Kim, D. and Choi, M. (2020) Impact of Climate, Rising Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, and Other Environmental Factors on Water-Use Efficiency at Multiple Land Cover Types. Scientific Reports , 10, Article No. 11644. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68472-7
Pitman, A.J. (2003) The Evolution of, and Revolution in, Land Surface Schemes Designed for Climate Models. International Journal of Climatology , 23, 479-510. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.893
D’Almeida, C., Vörösmarty, C.J., Hurtt, G.C., Marengo, J.A., Dingman, S.L. and Keim, B.D. (2007) The Effects of Deforestation on the Hydrological Cycle in Amazonia: A Review on Scale and Resolution. International Journal of Climatology , 27, 633-647. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1475
Pielke, R.A. (2001) Influence of the Spatial Distribution of Vegetation and Soils on the Prediction of Cumulus Convective Rainfall. Reviews of Geophysics , 39, 151-177. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999rg000072
Mahmood, R., Pielke, R.A., Hubbard, K.G., Niyogi, D., Dirmeyer, P.A., McAlpine, C., et al . (2013) Land Cover Changes and Their Biogeophysical Effects on Climate. International Journal of Climatology , 34, 929-953. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3736
Parween, N., Anamika, K. and Kumar, D.S. (2024) The Impact of Deforestation on Local Climates and Weather Patterns. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews , 5, 12170-12175. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.0524.1431
Dekker, S.C., O’connor, J.C., Staal, A., Tuinenburg, O.A., Rebel, K.T. and Santos, M.J. (2022) How Forests Transpiration and Interception Evaporation Can Buffer Variations in Precipitation Downwind. EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, 23-27 May 2022, EGU22-2794. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-2794
Barbarón, H.Y.S., Ildefonso, D.E.T. and Jimenez, D.M.G. (2024) The Relationship between Forest Cover Loss and Annual Rainfall in the Departments of Peru, 2013-2022. Decision Science Letters , 13, 881-886. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.dsl.2024.8.004
Pilotto, I.L., Rodríguez, D.A., Chan Chou, S., Tomasella, J., Sampaio, G. and Gomes, J.L. (2017) Effects of the Surface Heterogeneities on the Local Climate of a Fragmented Landscape in Amazonia Using a Tile Approach in the Eta/Noah-MP Model. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society , 143, 1565-1580. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3026
Vale, R.S., Santana, R.A.S., Silva, J.T., Miller, S.D., Souza, R.A.F., Picanço, G.A.S., Gomes, A.C.S., Tapajós, R.P. and Pedreiro, M.R. (2016) Medições por covariância de vórtices turbulentos dos fluxos de calor latente, sensível, momentum e CO 2 sobre o reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica de Curuá-Una—PA. Ciência e Natura v.38 Ed. Especial - IX Workshop Brasileiro de Micrometeorologia , Vo. 1, 15-20.
Giambelluca, T.W., Ziegler, A.D., Nullet, M.A., Truong, D.M. and Tran, L.T. (2003) Transpiration in a Small Tropical Forest Patch. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , 117, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1923(03)00041-8
Khanna, J., Medvigy, D., Fueglistaler, S. and Walko, R. (2017) Regional Dry-Season Climate Changes Due to Three Decades of Amazonian Deforestation. Nature Climate Change , 7, 200-204. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3226
Sterling, S.M., Ducharne, A. and Polcher, J. (2012) The Impact of Global Land-Cover Change on the Terrestrial Water Cycle. Nature Climate Change , 3, 385-390. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1690
Duarte, L.G., Romera, K., Sabino, M., Curado, L.F.A., Palácios, R.S. and Nogueira, J.S. (2018) Dinâmica dos fluxos de calor latente, calor sensível e fluxo de calor no solo no Pantanal Mato-Grossense. Anais 7º Simpósio de Geotecnologias no Pantanal, Jardim, MS, 20 a 24 de outubro 2018. Embrapa Informática Agropecuária/INPE, 431-440. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330637926_Dinamica_dos_fluxos_de_calor_latente_calor_sensivel_e_fluxo_de_calor_no_solo_no_Pantanal_Mato-Grossense