On the Chain Length and Rate of Ozone Depletion in the Main Stratospheric Cycles
- 1 Institute of Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Abstract
Algorithm for calculation of the chain length and rate of stratospheric ozone depletion in O x , HO x , NO x , ClO x and BrO x cycles has been developed. The most important new element in the theory of stratospheric chain processes is the correct determination the propagation rate, taking into account all reactions involved rather than a single reaction, which has the lowest rate, as it was usually done before. The role of null chain processes in the cycles has been considered and shown that these processes play a decisive role in formation of families of the odd oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine and bromine in the daytime while at night they play no role. Using two-dimensional model Socrates, and algorithm developed correct rate of ozone depletion and chain length in the cycles above for model conditions of June 2020 at 50 。 N have been calculated.
- S. Chapman. “On Ozone and Atomic Oxygen in the Upper Atmosphere,” Phil. Mag., Vol. 10, No. 7, 1930, pp. 369-383.
- M. J. Molina and F. S. Rowland “Stratospheric Sink for Chlorofluoromethanes: Chlorine Atom Catalyzed Destruction of Ozone,” Nature, Vol. 249, No. 5460, 1974, pp. 810-814. doi:10.1038/249810a0
- J. Hampson. “Chemical Instability of the Stratosphere,” International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics (IUGG) Symposium on Atmospheric Radiation, Leningrad, 1964.
- P. J. Crutzen. “Ozone Production Rates in an Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen-Oxide Atmosphere,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 76, No. 30, 1971, pp. 7311-7327. doi:10.1029/JC076i030p07311
- R. S. Stolarski and R. J. Cicerone. “Stratospheric Chlorine: A Possible Sink for Ozone,” Canadian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 52, No. 8, 1974, pp. 1610-1615. doi:10.1139/v74-233
- S. C. Wofsy, M. B. McElroy and Y. L. Yung. “Chemistry of Atmospheric Bromine,” Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 2, No. 6, 1975, pp. 215-218. doi:10.1029/GL002i006p00215
- Y. L. Yung, J. P. Pinto, R. T. Watson and S. P. Sander, “Atmospheric Bromine and Ozone Perturbations in the Lower Stratosphere,” Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 37, No. 2, 1980, pp. 339-353. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037 2.0.CO;2
- W. L. Chameides and D. D. Davis. “Iodine: Its possible role in Tropospheric Photochemistry,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 85, No. C12, 1980, pp. 7383- 7397. doi:10.1029/JC085iC12p07383
- M. Nicolet, “Etude des Reactions Chimiques de l’Ozone dans la Stratosphere,” Institut Royal Meteorologique de Belgique, Koninklijk Meteorologisch Instituut van Belgiё, Belgiё, 1978.
- J. R. Barker, “Progress and Problems in Atmospheric Chemistry,” World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore, 1995, pp. 1-33.
- P. Brasseur, J. J. Orlando and G. S. Tyndall, “Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Change,” National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, 1998.
- D. J. Jacob, “Introduction in Atmospheric Chemistry,” Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1999.
- C. N. Hewitt and A. V. Jackson, “Atmospheric Science for Environmental Scientists,” Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex, Vol. 8, 2009, pp. 198-217.
- G. Brasseur and S. Solomon, “Aeronomy of the Middle Atmosphere: Chemistry and Physics of the Stratosphere and Mesosphere,” 3rd Edition, Spriger, Montreal, Vol. 5, No. 6, 2005, pp. 265-501.