Annual and Diurnal Variabilities in the Critical Frequency (foF2) during Geomagnetic Fluctuating Activity over Solar Cycles 21 and 22 at Ouagadougou — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Annual and Diurnal Variabilities in the Critical Frequency (foF2) during Geomagnetic Fluctuating Activity over Solar Cycles 21 and 22 at Ouagadougou
Laboratoire de Recherche en Energétique et Météorologie de l’Espace (LAREME), Université Norbert Zongo, Koudougou, Burkina Faso
,
Laboratoire de Recherche en Energétique et Météorologie de l’Espace (LAREME), Université Norbert Zongo, Koudougou, Burkina Faso
,
Université Nazi Boni, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
Geomagnetic activity is characterized by four solar wind conditions. Each condition has specific impact on ionosphere. This paper review on fluctuating activity effects on ionosphere F2 layer through its critical frequency foF2 variations. Under fluctuating wind conditions, we have investigated on annual, diurnal and seasonal variations of foF2 during solar cycles 21 and 22 phases covered by Ouagadougou ionosonde station data (Lat: 12.5 ° N; Long: 358.5 ° E; dip: 1.43 ° ). Our investigations show that foF2 annual’ variability is in phase with solar cycle. The diurnal variation is “noon bite out” most of the time except for the solar maximum where we have a morning peak testifying to the fact that the vertical drift E × B is disturbed. The seasonal variations show that the fluctuating activity has no particular effect on certain characteristics of the equatorial ionosphere such as electrojet and vertical drift E × B. However, the increase of the electric field pre-reversal phenomenon in autumn is a characteristic effect observed during the fluctuating activity.
Obrou, K.O. (2008) Contribution à l’amélioration du modèle “International Reference Ionosphere” (IRI) pour l’ionosphère équatoriale”. Thèse de Doctorat, Université de Cocody, Abidjan.
Ouattara, F., Amory-Mazaudier, C., Fleury, R., Lassudirie-Duchesne, P. and Vila, P. (2009) foF2 Seasonal Variation per Solar Cycle Phase under Geomagnetic Activities Condition at Ouagadougou. Journal of Atmospheric Solar and Terrestrial Physics.
Ali, M.N., Ouattara, F., Zerbo, J.L., Gyébré, A.M.F., Nanéma, E. and Zougmoré, F. (2015) Statistical Study of foF2 Diurnal Variation at Dakar Station from 1971 to 1996: Effect of Geomagnetic Classes of Activity on Seasonal Variation at Solar Minimum and Maximum. International Journal of Geosciences, 6, 201-208. http://file.scirp.org/pdf/IJG_2015031115312053.pdf https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2015.63014
Ouattara, F. and Amory-Mazaudier, C. (2012) Statistical Study of the Diurnal Variation of the Equatorial F-Layer at Ouagadougou from 1966 to 1998. Journal of Space Weather Space Climate, 2, 1-10.
Svalgaard, L. (1977) Geomagnetic Activity: Dependence on Solar Wind Parameters. In: Zirker, J.B., Ed., Coronal Holes and High Speed Wind Streams, Colorado Ass. Univ. Press, Boulder, 371-432.
Legrand, J.P. and Simon, P.A. (1989) Solar Cycle and Geomagnetic Activity: A Review for Geophysicists. Part I. The Contributions to Geomagnetic Activity of Shock Waves and of the Solar Wind. Annales Geophysicae, 7, 565-578.
Simon, P.A. and Legrand, J.P. (1989) Solar Cycle and Geomagnetic Activity: A Review for Geophysicists Part II. The Solar Sources of Geomagnetic Activity and Their Links with Sunspot Cycle Activity. Annales Geophysicae, 7, 579-594.
Richardson, I.G. ,Cliver, E.W. and Cane, H.V. (2000) Sources of Geomagnetic Activity over the Solar Cycle: Relative Importance of Coronal Mass Ejections, High-Speed Streams, and Slow Solar Wind. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 200-213. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JA000400
Richardson, I.G., Cane, H.V. and Cliver, E.W. (2002) Sources of Geomagnetic Activity during Nearly Three Solar Cycles (1972-2000). Journal of. Geophysical Research, 107, 107-118. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JA000504
Du, Z.L. (2011) The Correlation between Solar and Geomagnetic Activity—Part 2: Long-Term Trends. Annales Geophysicae, 29, 1348. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-1341-2011
Ouattara, F. and Amory-Mazaudier, C. (2009) Solar-Geomagnetic Activity and Aa Indices toward a Standard. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 71, 1736-1748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2008.05.001
Zerbo, J.L., Amory-Mazaudier, C., Ouattara, F. and Richardson, J. (2012) Solar Wind and Geomagnetism, toward a Standard Classification 1868-2009. Annales Geophysicae, 30, 421-426. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-421-2012
Zerbo, J.L., Amory-Mazaudier, C. and Ouattara, F. (2013) Geomagnetism during Solar Cycle 23: Characteristics. Journal of Advanced Research, 4, 265-274.
Gnabahou, D.A. and Ouattara, F. (2012) Ionosphere Variability from 1957 to 1981 at Djibouti Station. European Journal of Scientific Research, 73, 382-390.
Faynot, J.M. and Villa, P. (1979) F Region at the Magnetic Equator. Annales Geophysicae, 35, 1-9.
Dunford, E. (1967) The Relationship between the Ionosphere Equatorial Anomaly and the E-Region Current System. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 29, 1489-1498. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(67)90102-X
Vassal, J.A. (1982) Electrojet, contreélectrojet et région F à Sarh (Tchad). Géophysique, ORSTOM, Paris.
Vassal, J. (1982) La variation du champ magnétique et ses relations avec I’élec-trojetéquatorial au Sénégal Oriental. Annales Geophysicae, 3, 347-355.
Acharya, R., Roy, B., Sivaraman, M.R. and Dasgupta, A. (2010) An Empirical Relation of Daytime Equatorial Total Electron Content with Equatorial Electrojet in the Indian Zone. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 72, 774-780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2010.03.023
Acharya, R., Roy, B., Sivaraman, M.R. and Dasgupta, A. (2011) On Conformity of the EEJ Based Ionospheric Model to the Fountain Effect and Resulting Improvements. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 73, 779-784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2011.01.011
Rishbeth, H. (1971) The F-Layer Dynamo. Planetary and Space Science, 19, 263-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(71)90205-4
Fejer, B.G., Farley, D.T., Woodman, R.T. and Calderon, C. (1979) Dependence of Equatorial F-Region Vertical Drifts on Season and Solar Cycle. Journal of Geophysical Research, 84, 5792-5796. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA084iA10p05792
Fejer, B.G. (1981) The Equatorial Ionospheric Electric Fields: A Review. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 43, 377-386. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(81)90101-X
Richmond, A.D. (1995) Modeling Equatorial Ionospheric Electric Fields. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 57, 1103-1115. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(94)00126-9
Oyekola, O.S. and Oluwafemi, C.C. (2007) Morphology of F-Region Vertical ExB Drifts in the African Sector Using Ionosonde Measurements. Annals of Geophysics, 50, 615-625.
Adebesin, B.O., Adeniyi, J.O., Adimula, I.A. and Reinisch, B.W. (2013) Equatorial Vertical Plasma Drift Velocities and Electron Densities Inferred from Ground-Based Ionosonde Measurements during Low Solar Activity. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 97, 58-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2013.02.010
Yizengaw, E., Moldwin, M.B., Zesta, E., Biouele, C.M., Damtie, B., Mebrahtu, A., Rabiu, B., Valladares, C.F. and Stoneback, R. (2014) The Longitudinal Variability of Equatorial Electrojet and Vertical Drift Velocityy in the African and American Sectors. Annales Geophysicae, 32, 231-238. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-231-2014
Ouattara, F., Ali, M.N. and Zougmoré, F. (2015) A Comparative Study of Seasonal and Quiettime fof2 Diurnal Variation at Dakar and Ouagadougou Stations during Solar Minimum and Maximum for Solar Cycles 21-22. European Scientific Journal, 11, 426-435.