The Discovery of Atmosphere Cooling Engine
- 1 China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
- 2 Earth Science School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- 3 Climate Center, Zhejiang Meteorology Bureau, Hangzhou, China
- 4 Shanghai Climate Center, Shanghai, China
- 5 Earth Science School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Abstract
The earth-atmosphere system is an energy equilibrium system, including cooling and heating systems. The conception of “atmospheric heat engine (AH Engine)” was put forward very early in the research of heating processes. However, in the field of research on atmosphere cooling, there is no corresponding academic conception. Here we show how the atmosphere cooling engine (AC Engine) is discovered. The results show that there is a huge cooling center between the subtropical zone of northern hemispheres and the subtropical zone of southern hemispheres in the stratosphere, which is the result of AH engine. In the lower latitudes of the upper troposphere, there is an atmospheric heating belt that reaches directly to the surface of the ocean. In the global ocean surface, there are five heating centers and one cooling center, which are the results of Ocean Stabilization Machine (OSM). Therefore, there are 23 short-term global climate warming trends and 23 short-term global climate cooling trends of Global Mean Lan/Oceans Temperature Anomalies Index, which are actually the result of fluctuations of AH engine, AC engine and OSM, and how the mechanism works by AH engine, AC engine and OSM is also explained.
- Bindoff, N. L., et al. (2013) Detection and Attribution of Climate Change: From Global to Regional. In: Climate Change. The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
- Schmidt, G.A., Shindell, D.T. and Tsigaridis, K. (2014) Reconciling Warming Trends. Nature Geoscience, 7, 158-160. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2105
- Estrada, F., Perron, P. and Martinez-Lopez, B. (2013) Statistically Derived Contributions of Diverse Human Influences to Twentieth-Century Temperature Changes. Nature Geoscience, 6, 1050-1055. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1999
- Francis, J.A. and Vavrus, S.J. (2015) Evidence for a Wavier Jet Stream in Response to Rapid Arctic Warming. Environmental Research Letters, 10, Article ID: 014005. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/1/014005
- Barnes, E.A. and Screen, J.A. (2015) The Impact of Arctic Warming on the Midlatitude Jet-Stream: Can It? Has It? Will It? WIREs Climate Change, 6, 277-286. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.337
- Yao, Y., Luo, D., Dai, A. and Simmonds, I. (2017) Increased Quasi-Stationarity and Persistence of Ural Blocking and Eurasian Extreme Cold Events in Response to Arctic Warming. Part I: Insights from Observational Analyses. Journal of Climate, 30, 3549-3568. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0261.1
- Tan, J.Q. (2015) A Most-Recognized Principle to Define El Niño and La Niña years Based on the K-Line Diagram Technique. International Journal of Climatology, 35, 2777-2782. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4171
- Mao, Y.J., Tan, J.Q., Chen, B.M. and Fan, H.Y. (2019) The “Ocean Stabilization Machine” May Represent a Primary Factor Underlying the Effect of “Global Warming on Climate Change”. Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, 9, 135-145. https://doi.org/10.4236/acs.2019.91009