Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
History of Ultralow Temperatures at Dubna (JINR)
Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
- 1 Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
Advances in Historical Studies·Volume 12 (2023)·Pages 115–129·Published 25 October 2023·DOI10.4236/ahs.2023.124009
Copy link · social · email
Abstract
A frozen spin polarized targets cooled by the 3 He/ 4 He dilution refrigerator develo ped at the JINR, Dubna is described. Experience with contin uously-polarized targets (dynamic mode) and achieving of very low temperatures in 1966 (JINR) gave rise to the idea of using radically new technique based on dissolving 3 He in 4 He to the frozen spin polarized target. The short history (1966-2023) of the development of such proton and deuteron targets at JINR for different accelerators (Dubna, Protvino, Gatchina, Prague, Mainz and Bonn) is given.
KeywordsPolarized TargetsUltralow Temperatures3He/4He Dilution Refrigerator
- Abragam, A., Borghini, M., Catillon, P., Coustham, J., Roubeau, P., & Thirion, J. (1962). Diffusion de protons polarizes de 20 MeV par une cible de protons polarizes et mesure preliminaire de parameter Cnn. Physics Letters, 2, 310-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9163(62)90122-1
- Abramov, V. V., Azhgirey, I. L., Borisov, A. A., Bukreeva, S. I., Vasiliev, A. N., Garkusha, V. I., et al. (2023). Conceptual Design of the SPASCHARM Experiment. Physics of Particles and Nuclei, 54, 69-184 https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063779623010021
- Bazhanov, N. A., Benda, B., Borisov, N. S., Dzyubak, A. P., Durand, G., Golovanov, L. B., et al. (1996). A Movable Polarized Target for High Energy Spin Physics Experiments. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 372, 349-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(95)01307-5
- Borisov, N. S., Matafonov, V. N., Neganov, A. B., Plis, Yu. A., Shchevelev, O. N., Usov, Yu. A., et al. (1994). Target with a Frozen Nuclear Polarization for Experiments at Low Energies. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 345, 421-428. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(94)90493-6
- Leader, E. (2001). Spin in Particle Physics. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511524455
- Lehar, F., & de Lesquen, A. (1995). Le DAPNIA a Dubna. Une Experience avec Cible Polarisee a l’Institut Unifie pour Recherche Nucleaire (JINR). CERN Courier, 35, 18-20.
- London, H., Clarke, G. R., & Mendoze, E. (1962). Osmotic Pressure of He3 in Liquid He4, with Proposals for a Refrigerator to Work below 1°K. Physical Review Journals Archive, 128, 1992-2005. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.128.1992
- Luschikov, V. I., Neganov, B. S., Parfenov, L. B., & Taran, Yu. V. (1966). Dynamic Polarization of Protons in a Rotating Lantanum-Magnesium Nitrate Crystal. Soviet Physics, Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, 22, 285-288.
- Neganov, B. S. (1967). Obtaining Ultralow Temperatures and Creating Polarized Proton and Deuteron Targets. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Electromagnetic Interactions at Low and Intermediate Energies (pp. 300-309). JINR Publishing Department.
- Neganov, B. S., Borisov, N. S., & Liburg, M. Yu. (1966). A Method for Obtaining Low Temperature Based on Dissolution of He3 in He4. Soviet Physics, Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, 23, 959-971.