Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolates in Shellfish Samples from Two River Estuaries in South-South Nigeria — Oak Academic Publishing
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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolates in Shellfish Samples from Two River Estuaries in South-South Nigeria
Science Technology Department, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Ekpene, Nigeria
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Nigeria Country Office, World Health Organization (WHO), Abuja, Nigeria
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Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
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College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
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Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
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Microbiology Department, Akwa-Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden, Nigeria
Antibiotic resistant bacteria pathogens remain the leading cause of shellfish borne diseases and a major health threat to humans worldwide. The objectives of this study were to isolate, identify, and determine the antibiotic resistance patterns of Gram-negative bacteria from shellfish. We analyzed a total of 540 shellfish (117 clams, 88 oysters, and 136 periwinkles) samples collected from different vendors at Iko and Douglas Creeks in Akwa Ibom State, South-South Nigeria. Conventional cultural techniques, morphological, biochemical characteristics, and PCR amplification were used to identify the bacterial isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility tests (Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method) and ESBL phenotype (disk) of the isolates were performed. One hundred and thirty-five (135) Gram-negative bacteria comprising 5 genera and 14 species were detected at a prevalence of: Alcaligenes faecalis TRB -7 38 (28.2%), Pseudomonas oryzihabitans strain KCB 005 16 (11.9%), Paenalcaligenes retgerii strain B 5 12 (8.9%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa JB 2 10 (7.4%), Providencia stuartii DMC -28b 9 (6.7%), Alcaligenes species TLT 151 8 (5.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa CIFRI DTSB 1 7 (5.2%), Paenalcaligenes species UN 24 7 (5.2%), Alcaligenes faecalis BT 10 7 (5.2%), Vibrio species strain PrVy 108 6 (4.4%), Pseudomonas xiamenensis C 10-2 5 (3.7%), Providencia vemicola Bu 15_38 4 (2.9%), Pseudomonas anguillisceptica 4029 3 (2.2%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa N 15-01092 3 (2.2%). All tested isolates showed various degrees of resistance to the thirteen antimicrobials evaluated. High levels of resistance (100%) to cefepime and imipenem were expressed by all isolates except the Providencia species. For the EBSL indicators, all isolates apart from Alcaligenes species were resistant (100%) to ceftriaxone. All Vibrio species were susceptible to norfloxacin, nalidixic acid, and ceftazidime. The identification of antibiotic resistant Gram-negative bacteria (GNARB) from shellfish in this study highlights the risk of disseminated multi-drug resistance—a serious public health concern.
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