Virulence Factors and Biofilm Formation in Vancomycin Resistant <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> Isolates in Brazil

Abstract

In this work, we evaluated biofilm formation of Vancomycin Resistant of E. faecalis and E. faecium (VRE) in different culture media and adhesion substrate, as well as cellular hydrophobicity and presence of virulence genes. For this, 35 isolates were collected from a public hospital in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil and identified by the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization - Time-of-flight - Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) technique. Biofilm formation was analyzed by the Crystal Violet (CV) method and fluorescence microscopy, cellular hydrophobicity by hydrocarbon interaction and the presence of gel E, esp and asa 1 genes by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). 12 isolates were identified as E. faecalis and 23 as E. faecium . Most were obtained in Coronary Units (40.0%) and Intensive Care Unit (31.4%). E. faecium isolates were more resistant to the antibiotics tested than E. faecalis ; however, E. faecalis stood out as a biofilm producer. Regarding the presence and gene frequency, it was observed that gel E (54.3%) and esp (54.3%) were the most prevalent, followed by asa 1 (22.9%). When comparing the gene frequency, it was observed that gel E and esp were predominant (48.6% for both species), while asa 1 was more frequent in E. faecalis (20.0%). The data presented here are worrying, because they reveal the virulence potential of isolates VRE, which contributes to the dissemination and persistence of these pathogens in the hospital environment.