The antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of 11 Bryophyta species and 9 Marchantiophyta species collected in Latvia was tested against Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus . The extract of Lophocolea heterophylla inhibited the growth of B. cereus, but none of the tested extracts inhibited the growth of E. coli . 70% of bryophyte species demonstrated certain activity in relation to S. aureus . In general, 73% of ethanolic extracts and 39% of aqueous extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against S. aureus . The highest degree of antibacterial activity against S. aureus was shown by the ethanolic extract of Dicranum scoparium and aqueous extracts of Atrichum undulatum and Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus . The bactericidal action was not ascertained. For the first time antimicrobial activity has been proved for three moss species— Eurhynchium angustirete , Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus and Rhodobryum roseum , and for two liverwort species Frullania dilatata and Lophocolea heterophylla . Qualitative and quantitative differences of plant extracts were evaluated by FT-IR spectra.
J. P. Frahm, “Biologie der Moose,” Spektrum Verlag, Berlin, 2001.
H. Ando and A. Matsuo, “Applied Bryology,” In: J. Cramer, Ed., Advances in Bryology, Vol. 2, International Association of Bryologists, Berlin, 1984, pp. 133-224.
E. L. Decker, G. Gorr and R. Reski, “Moss—An Innovative Tool for Protein Production,” BIOforum Europe, No. 2, 2003, pp. 96-97.
Y. Asakawa, “Liverworts-Potential Source of Medicinal Compounds,” Current Pharmaceutical Design, Vol. 14, No. 29, 2008, pp. 3067-3088. doi:10.2174/138161208786404272
Y. Asakawa, “Chemosystematics of the Hepaticae,” Phytochemistry, Vol. 65, No. 6, 2004, pp. 623-669.
Y. Asakawa, “Biologically Active Compounds from Bryophytes,” Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 79, No. 4, 2007, pp. 557-580. doi:10.1351/pac200779040557
R. Castaldo-Cobianchi, S. Giordano, A. Basile and U. Violante, “Occurrence of Antibiotic Activity in Conocephalum conicum, Mnium undulatum and Leptodictyum riparium (Bryophyta),” Plant Biosystems, Vol. 122, No. 5, 1988, pp. 303-311.
C. Borel, D. H. Welti, I. Fernandez and M. Colmenares, “Dicranin, an Antimicrobial and 15-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor from the Moss Dicranum scoparium,” Journal of Natural Products, Vol. 56, No. 7, 1993, pp. 1071-1077. doi:10.1021/np50097a010
E. Kamory, G. M. Keseru and B. Papp, “Isolation and Antibacterial Activity of Marchantin A, a Cyclic Bis(bibenzyl) Constituent of Hungarian Marchantia polymorpha,” Planta Medica, Vol. 61, No. 4, 1995, pp. 387-388. doi:10.1055/s-2006-958116
A. Basile, M. L. Vuotto, M. T. L. Ielpo, V. Moscatiello, L. Ricciardi, et al., “Antibacterial Activity in Rhynchostegium riparioides (Hedw.) Card. Extract (Bryophyta),” Phytotherapy Research, Vol. 12, No. S1, 1998, pp. S146-S148.
A. Sabovljevic, M. Sokovic, M. Sabovljevic and D. Grubisic, “Antimicrobial Activity of Bryum argenteum,” Fitoterapia, Vol. 77, No. 2, 2006, pp. 144-145. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2005.11.002
A. Sabovljevic, M. Sokovic, J. Glamoclija, A. Ciric, M. Vujicic, et al., “Bio-Activities of Extracts from some Axenically Farmed and Naturally Grown Bryophytes,” Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, Vol. 5, No. 4, 2011, pp. 565-571.
M. Veljic, M. Tarbuk, P. D. Marin, A. Ciric, M. Sokovic and M. Marin, “Antimicrobial Activity of Methanol Extracts of Mosses from Serbia,” Pharmaceutical Biology, Vol. 46, No. 12, 2008, pp. 871-875.
M. Veljic, A. Djuric, M. Sokovic, A. Ciric, J. Glamoclija and P. D. Marin, “Antimicrobial Activity of Methanol Extracts of Fontinalis antipyretica, Hypnum cupressiforme and Ctenidium molluscum,” Archives of Biological Science Belgrade, Vol. 61, No. 2, 2009, pp. 225-229.
M. Veljic, A. Ciric, M. Sokolovic, P. Janackovic and P. D. Marin, “Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of the Liverwort (Ptilidium pulcherrimum) Methanol Extract,” Archives of Biological Science Belgrade, Vol. 62, No. 2, 2010, pp. 381-395.
A. Abolina, “List of Bryophytes of Latvia,” Latvijas Vegetacija, No. 3, 2001, pp. 47-87 (in Latvian).
L. Soderstrom, E. Urmi and J. Vana, “Distribution of Hepaticae and Anthocerotae in Europe and Macaronesia,” Lindbergia, Vol. 27, No. 1, 2002, pp. 3-47.
L. Soderstrom, E. Urmi and J. Vana, “The Distribution of Hepaticae and Anthocerotae in Europe and Macaronesia. Update 1-427,” Cryptogamie, Bryologie, Vol. 28, No. 4, 2007, pp. 299-350.
M. O. Hill, N. Bell, M. A. Bruggeman-Nannenga, M. Brugues, M. J. Cano, et al., “An Annotated Checklist of the Mosses of Europe and Macaronesia,” Journal of Bryology, Vol. 28, No. 3, 2006, pp. 198-267.
A. Seneca and L. Soderstrom, “Sphagnophyta of Europe and Macaronesia: A Checklist with Distribution Data,” Journal of Bryology, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2009, pp. 243-252. doi:10.1179/037366809X12499061230308
A. J. E. Smith, “The Liverworts of Britain and Ireland,” Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996.
A. J. E. Smith, “The Moss Flora of Britain and Ireland,” Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996.
A. J. E. Smith, “The Moss Flora of Britain and Ireland,” 2nd Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2004. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511541858
M. S. Ignatov and E. A. Ignatova, “Moss Flora of the Middle European Russia, Vol. 1: Sphagnaceae-Hedwigiaceae,” KMK Scientific Press Ltd., Мoscow, 2003 (in Russian).
M. S. Ignatov and E. A. Ignatova, “Moss Flora of the Middle European Russia, Vol. 2: Fontinaliaceae-Amblystegiaceae,” KMK Scientific Press Ltd., Мosсow, 2004 (in Russian).
J. F. Acar and F. W. Goldstein, “Disc Susceptibility Test,” In:V. Lorian, Ed., Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine, 4th Edition, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1996, pp. 1-51.
F. Candan, M. Unlu, B. Tepe, D. Daferera, M. Polissiou, et al., “Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil and Methanol Extracts of Achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium Afan. (Asteraceae),” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Vol. 87, No. 2-3, 2003, pp. 215-220. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00149-1
S. Qaiyumi, “Macro- and Microdilution Methods of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing,” In: R. Schwalbe, L. Steele-Moore and A. C. Goodwin, Eds., Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Protocols, CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, 2007, pp. 75-79. doi:10.1201/9781420014495.ch4
M. D. Guillen and N. Cabo, “Some of the Most Significant Changes in the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra of Edible Oils under Oxidative Conditions,” Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Vol. 80, No. 14, 2000, pp. 2028-2036.
N. Vlachos, Y. Skopelitis, M. Psaroudaki, V. Konstantinidou, A. Chatzilazarou and E. Tegou, “Applications of Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy to Edible Oils,” Analytica Chimica Acta, Vol. 573-574, 2006, pp. 459-465. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2006.05.034
Y. Asakawa, “Highlights in Phytochemistry of Hepaticae—Biologically Active Terpenoids and Aromatic Compounds,” Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 66, No. 10-11, 1994, pp. 2193-2196. doi:10.1351/pac199466102193
R. Khanam, B. L. Chaudhary, S. Khanam and P. Kumar, “Antibacterial Activity of Marchantia palmata.Nees,” Asian Journal of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Research, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2011, pp. 27-36.
J. A. McCleary and D. L. Walkington, “Mosses and Antibiosis,” Revue Bryologique et Lichenologique, Vol. 34, 1966, pp. 309-314.
A. Basile, S. Giordano, J. A. Lopez-Saez and R. C. Cobianchi, “Antibacterial Activity of Pure Flavonoids Isolated from Mosses,” Phytochemistry, Vol. 52, No. 8, 1999, pp. 1479-1482.
H. X. Lou, G. Y. Li and F. Q. Wang, “A Cytotoxic Diterpenoid and Antifungal Phenolic Compounds from Frullania muscicola Steph.,” Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2002, pp. 87-94. doi:10.1080/10286020290027353
M. D. Russel, “Antibiotic Activity of Extracts from some Bryophytes in South Western British Columbia,” MSJA, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2010, pp. 9-14.