Evaluation of Various Crude Extracts of <i>Zingiber officinale</i> Rhizome for Potential Antibacterial Activity: A Study <i>in Vitro</i>
- 1
- 2
Abstract
<i>In vitro</i> antibacterial activity of crude aqueous and organic extracts of rhizome of <i>Zingiber officinale</i>Roscoe (ginger) was studied against both Gram-negative (<i>Escherichia coli </i>and <i>Salmonella typhi</i>) and Gram-positive (<i>Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>) bacterial strains. The present study reveals that the pattern of inhibition varied with the solvent used for extraction and the organism tested. Plant extracts prepared in organic solvents provided more consistent antibacterial activity as compared to aqueous extracts. Methanol extract was the most active against maximum number of bacterial species tested. Gram-positive bacteria were found the most sensitive as compared to Gram-negative bacteria. <i>Staphylococcus aureus </i>was significantly inhibited by almost all the extracts even in very low MIC followed by other Gram-positives. <i>Escherichia coli </i>(a Gram-negative bacterium) was showing the least inhibition with highest MIC values, while <i>Salmonella typhi </i>was found completely resistant. Methanol extract yielded the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins in phytochemical screening. Results of the present study sign the interesting assurance of designing a potentially active antibacterial agent from <i>Zingiber officinale</i>.
- M. L. Cohen, “Epidemiology of Drug Resistance, Implications for a Post Antimicrobial Era,” Science, Vol. 257, No. 5073, 1992, pp. 1050-1055. doi:10.1126/science.257.5073.1050
- S. G. Gold and R. C. Moellering, “Antimicrobial Drug Resistance,” The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 335, No. 19, 1996, pp. 1445-1453. doi:10.1056/NEJM199611073351907
- P. Kaushik, “Glimpses of Medical Botany in Athar-vaveda,” The Vedic Path, Vol. 48, No. 2, 1985, pp. 64-67.
- P. Kaushik and A. K. Dhiman, “Medicinal Plants and Raw Drugs of India,” Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, New Cannaught Place, 2000.
- D. Gehlot and A. Bohra, “Antimicrobial Activity of Various Plant Extracts of Aerva persica,” Advances in Plant Sciences, Vol. 11, No. 1, 1998, pp. 109-111.
- A. Ghanaksh and P. Kaushik, “Antibacterial Effect of Aerides multiflora Roxb. A Study in Vitro,” Journal of the Orchid Society of India, Vol. 13, No. 1-2, 1993, pp. 65-68.
- P. Kaushik, V. Upadhyay and P. Singh, “Antibacterial Potential of Bryophytes,” The Botanica, Vol. 50, 2000, pp. 132-136.
- A. Nostro, M. P. Germano, V. D. Angelo, A. Marino and M. A. Cannatelli, “Extraction Methods and Bioautography for Evaluation of Medicinal Plant Antimicrobial Activity,” Letters in Applied Microbiology, Vol. 30, No. 5, 2000, pp. 379-384. doi:10.1046/j.1472-765x.2000.00731.x
- A. Samie, C. L. Obi, P. O. Bessong and L. Namrita, “Activity Profiles of Fourteen Selected Medicinal Plants from Rural Venda Communities in South Africa against Fifteen Clinical Bacterial Species,” African Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 4, No. 12, 2005, pp. 1443-1451.
- D. A. Akinpelu and T. M. Onakoya, “Antimicrobial Activities of Medicinal Plants Used in Folklore Remedies in South-Western,” African Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 5, No. 11, 2006, pp. 1078-1081.
- P. Kaushik and A. K. Dhiman, “Some Vedic Medicinal Plants,” Advances in Plant Sciences, Vol. 9, No. 11, 1985, pp. 1-12.
- P. Kaushik, “Indigenous Medicinal Plants Including Microbes and Fungi,” Today and Tomorrow’s Printers & Publishers, New Delhi, 1988.
- B. K. H. Tan and J. Vanitha, “Immunomodulatory and Antimicrobial Effects of Some Traditional Chinese Medicinal Herbs: A Review,” Current Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 11, No. 11, 2004, pp. 1423-1430.
- L. L. Zaika, “Spices and Herbs: Their Antimicrobial Activity and Its Determination,” Journal of Food Safety, Vol. 9, No. 21, 1975, pp. 97-118. doi:10.1111/j.1745-4565.1988.tb00511.x