Dermatophytes Species Isolated of HIV-Infected Patients Identified by ITS-RFLP and ITS Region Sequencing from Triangulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais State of Brazil — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Dermatophytes Species Isolated of HIV-Infected Patients Identified by ITS-RFLP and ITS Region Sequencing from Triangulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais State of Brazil
Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Triangulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Brazil
,
Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Triangulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Brazil
,
Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Triangulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Brazil
,
Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Triangulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Brazil
,
Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Triangulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Brazil
,
Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Triangulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Brazil
,
Department of Microbiology, Tri&acire;ngulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Brazil
,
Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberl&acire;ndia, Uberl&acire;ndia, Brazil
,
Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberl&acire;ndia, Uberl&acire;ndia, Brazil
,
Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Triangulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Brazil
1 Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Triangulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Brazil
2 Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Triangulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Brazil
3 Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Triangulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Brazil
4 Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Triangulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Brazil
5 Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Triangulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Brazil
6 Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Triangulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Brazil
7 Department of Microbiology, Tri&acire;ngulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Brazil
8 Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberl&acire;ndia, Uberl&acire;ndia, Brazil
9 Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberl&acire;ndia, Uberl&acire;ndia, Brazil
10 Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Triangulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Brazil
Dermatomycoses are a group of diseases worldwide distributed and affect skin, hair and nails. Several fungal species can be envolved and keratinophilic fungi belonging to the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton are very common. These infections are globally distributed and their incidence has progressively increased. Despite their high incidence, few studies have been carried out in HIV-infected patients, regarding frequency, clinical presentations, and species identification. This study aimed to evaluate some epidemiological and clinical aspects of dermatophytosis in HIV-infected patients and to attempt phenotypical and molecular characteristics of their agents. Of 398 patients included, 306 were HIV-infected. Clinical data and samples of skin, hair and nail lesions were simultaneously obtained. The dermatophytes yielded in culture were phenotypically identified and evaluated by ITS-RFLP and ITS (Internal Transcribed Space) sequencing. Dermatophytes frequency in HIV-infected patients with cutaneous lesions was 11.76% similar to the 15.22% observed in non-HIV individuals. Trichophyton rubrum was the most common isolated species in both groups. Throught ITS-RFLP, 29/32 (90.63%) of dermatophytes isolates were identified at the species level. From the 10 isolates randomly selected for ITS sequencing, seven confirmed the ITS-RFLP results while three Trichophyton sp. were not identified as dermatophytes. The identification of these species in HIV-infected patients is highly desirable in order to improve the knowledge of their frequency, geographical distribution and relation to clinical presentation.
Ameen, M. (2010) Epidemiology of Superficial Fungal Infections. Clinics in Dermatology, 28, 197-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2009.12.005
Hube, B., Hay, R., Brasch, J., Veraldi, S. and Schaller, M. (2015) Dermatomycoses and Inflammation: The Adaptive Balance between Growth, Damage, and Survival. Journal de Mycologie Médicale, 25, e44-e58.
Silva, L.B., de Oliveira, D.B., da Silva, B.V., de Souza, R.A., da Silva, P.R., Ferreira- Paim, K., et al. (2014) Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility of Fungi Isolated from Dermatomycoses. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 28, 633-640. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.12151
Criado, P.R., Oliveira, C.B., Dantas, K.C., Takiguti, F.A., Benini, L.V. and Vasconcellos, C. (2011) Superficial Mycosis and the Immune Response Elements. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, 86, 726-731. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0365-05962011000400015
Marconi, V.C., Kradin, R., Marty, F.M., Hospenthal, D.R. and Kotton, C.N. (2010) Disseminated Dermatophytosis in a Patient with Hereditary Hemochromatosis and Hepatic Cirrhosis: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Medical Mycology, 48, 518-527. https://doi.org/10.3109/13693780903213512
Rouzaud, C., Hay, R., Chosidow, O., Dupin, N., Puel, A., Lortholary, O., et al. (2015) Severe Dermatophytosis and Acquired or Innate Immunodeficiency: A Review. Journal of Fungi, 2, 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof2010004
Rodwell, G.E., Bayles, C.L., Towersey, L. and Aly, R. (2008) The Prevalence of Dermatophyte Infection in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. International Journal of Dermatology, 47, 339-343. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2008.03416.x
Ramos, E.S.M., Lima, C.M., Schechtman, R.C., Trope, B.M. and Carneiro, S. (2010) Superficial Mycoses in Immunodepressed Patients (AIDS). Clinics in Dermatology, 28, 217-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2009.12.008
Kawasaki, M. (2011) Verification of a Taxonomy of Dermatophytes Based on Mating Results and Phylogenetic Analyses. Medical Mycology Journal, 52, 291-295. https://doi.org/10.3314/mmj.52.291
de Hoog, G.S., Dukik, K., Monod, M., Packeu, A., Stubbe, D., Hendrickx, M., et al. (2017) Toward a Novel Multilocus Phylogenetic Taxonomy for the Dermatophytes. Mycopathologia, 182, 5-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-016-0073-9
Irinyi, L., Serena, C., Garcia-Hermoso, D., Arabatzis, M., Desnos-Ollivier, M., Vu, D., et al. (2015) International Society of Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM)- ITS Reference DNA Barcoding Database—The Quality Controlled Standard Tool for Routine Identification of Human and Animal Pathogenic Fungi. Medical Mycology, 53, 313-337. https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myv008
Normand, A.C., Packeu, A., Cassagne, C., Hendrickx, M., Ranque, S. and Piarroux, R. (2018) Nucleotide Sequence Database Comparison for Routine Dermatophyte Identification by Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 Genetic Region DNA Barcoding. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 56, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00046-18
Makimura, K., Tamura, Y., Mochizuki, T., Hasegawa, A., Tajiri, Y., Hanazawa, R., et al. (1999) Phylogenetic Classification and Species Identification of Dermatophyte Strains Based on DNA Sequences of Nuclear Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 Regions. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 37, 920-904.
Ansari, S., Hedayati, M.T., Zomorodian, K., Pakshir, K., Badali, H., Rafiei, A., et al. (2016) Molecular Characterization and in Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility of 316 Clinical Isolates of Dermatophytes in Iran. Mycopathologia, 181, 89-95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-015-9941-y
Elavarashi, E., Kindo, A.J. and Kalyani, J. (2013) Optimization of PCR-RFLP Directly from the Skin and Nails in Cases of Dermatophytosis, Targeting the ITS and the 18S Ribosomal DNA Regions. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 7, 646-651. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2013/5363.2873
Rezaei-Matehkolaei, A., Makimura, K., Shidfar, M., Zaini, F., Eshraghian, M., Jalalizand, N., et al. (2012) Use of Single-Enzyme PCR-Restriction Digestion Barcode Targeting the Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS rDNA) to Identify Dermatophyte Species. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 41, 82-94.
Thompson, J.D., Higgins, D.G. and Gibson, T.J. (1994) CLUSTAL W: Improving the Sensitivity of Progressive Multiple Sequence Alignment through Sequence Weighting, Position-Specific Gap Penalties and Weight Matrix Choice. Nucleic Acids Research, 22, 4673-4680. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.22.4673
Kumar, S., Stecher, G. and Tamura, K. (2016) MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 33, 1870-1874. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054
Martinez-Rossi, N.M., Peres, N.T. and Rossi, A. (2017) Pathogenesis of Dermatophytosis: Sensing the Host Tissue. Mycopathologia, 182, 215-227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-016-0057-9
Zhan, P. and Liu, W. (2017) The Changing Face of Dermatophytic Infections Worldwide. Mycopathologia, 182, 77-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-016-0082-8
Goodman, D.S., Teplitz, E.D., Wishner, A., Klein, R.S., Burk, P.G. and Hershenbaum, E. (1987) Prevalence of Cutaneous Disease in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-Related Complex. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 17, 210-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0190-9622(87)70193-5
Huang, X.J., Li, H.Y., Chen, D.X., Wang, X.C., Li, Z.C., Wu, Y.S., et al. (2011) Clinical Analysis of Skin Lesions in 796 Chinese HIV-Positive Patients. Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 91, 552-556. https://doi.org/10.2340/00015555-1107
Johnson, R.A. (2000) Dermatophyte Infections in Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) Disease. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 43, S135- S142. https://doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2000.110631
Khadka, S., Sherchand, J.B., Pokharel, D.B., Pokhrel, B.M., Mishra, S.K., Dhital, S., et al. (2016) Clinicomycological Characterization of Superficial Mycoses from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal. Dermatology Research and Practice, 2016, Article ID: 9509705. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9509705
Sen, S.S. and Rasul, E.S. (2006) Dermatophytosis in Assam. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 24, 77-78. https://doi.org/10.4103/0255-0857.19907
da Silva, B.C., Paula, C.R., Auler, M.E., Ruiz Lda, S., Dos Santos, J.I., Yoshioka, M.C., et al. (2014) Dermatophytosis and Immunovirological Status of HIV-Infected and AIDS Patients from Sao Paulo City, Brazil. Mycoses, 57, 371-376. https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.12169
Costa, J.E., Neves, R.P., Delgado, M.M., Lima-Neto, R.G., Morais, V.M. and Coelho, M.R. (2015) Dermatophytosis in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Clinical Aspects and Etiologic Agents. Acta Tropica, 150, 111-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.07.012
Havlickova, B., Czaika, V.A. and Friedrich, M. (2008) Epidemiological Trends in Skin Mycoses Worldwide. Mycoses, 51, 2-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01606.x
Heidrich, D., Garcia, M.R., Stopiglia, C.D., Magagnin, C.M., Daboit, T.C., Vetoratto, G., et al. (2015) Dermatophytosis: A 16-Year Retrospective Study in a Metropolitan Area in Southern Brazil. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 9, 865-871.
Courtellemont, L., Chevrier, S., Degeilh, B., Belaz, S., Gangneux, J.P. and Robert-Gangneux, F. (2017) Epidemiology of Trichophyton verrucosum Infection in Rennes University Hospital, France: A 12-Year Retrospective Study. Medical Mycology, 55, 720-724. https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myw142
Nenoff, P., Kruger, C., Ginter-Hanselmayer, G. and Tietz, H.J. (2014) Mycology—An Update. Part 1: Dermatomycoses: Causative Agents, Epidemiology and Pathogenesis. JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 12, 188- 210. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddg.12245
Costa-Orlandi, C.B., Magalhaes, G.M., Oliveira, M.B., Taylor, E.L., Marques, C.R. and de Resende-Stoianoff, M.A. (2012) Prevalence of Dermatomycosis in a Brazilian Tertiary Care Hospital. Mycopathologia, 174, 489-497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-012-9576-1
Persinoti, G.F., Martinez, D.A., Li, W., Dogen, A., Billmyre, R.B., Averette, A., et al. (2018) Whole-Genome Analysis Illustrates Global Clonal Population Structure of the Ubiquitous Dermatophyte Pathogen Trichophyton rubrum. Genetics, 208, 1657- 1669. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.117.300573
Drira, I., Neji, S., Hadrich, I., Trabelsi, H., Sellami, H., Cheikhrouhou, F., et al. (2014) Polymorphisms in the ITS rDNA Regions for Differentiating Strains of the Trichophyton mentagrophytes Complex in Sfax-Tunisia. Mycoses, 57, 453-459. https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.12181