Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Application of Total Error Strategy in Validation of Affordable and Accessible UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Methods for Quality Control of Poor Medicines
University of Liege (ULg), Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Liège, Belgium
Laboratory of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Laboratory of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Laboratory of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Laboratory of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Laboratory of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Laboratory Service, Institute of Research in Science of Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Laboratory of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
University of Liege (ULg), Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Liège, Belgium
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
- 1 University of Liege (ULg), Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Liège, Belgium
- 2 Laboratory of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
- 3 Laboratory of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
- 4 Laboratory of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
- 5 Laboratory of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
- 6 Laboratory of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
- 7 Laboratory Service, Institute of Research in Science of Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
- 8 Laboratory of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
- 9 Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
- 10 University of Liege (ULg), Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Liège, Belgium
- 11 Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
American Journal of Analytical Chemistry·Volume 06 (2015)·Pages 106–117·Published 16 January 2015·DOI10.4236/ajac.2015.62010
Copy link · social · email
Abstract
In the framework of fighting against the poor quality medicines sold in developing countries using classical analytical methods easily accessible in those countries, four UV-Visible spectrophotometric methods for one antimalarial (quinine) and two antibiotics (amoxicillin and metronidazole) have been developed and validated according to the total error strategy using the accuracy profiles as a decision tool. The dosing range was 2 - 10 μg/mL (for quinine sulfate in tablet), 4 - 12 μg/mL (for quinine bichlorhydrate in oral drop-metronidazole benzaote in oral suspension) and 15 - 35 μg/mL (for amoxicillin trihydrate in capsule). The validated methods were then applied in determining the content of some analogous medicines sold in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Thus, the proposed UV-Visible spectrophotometric methods are simple and suitable to quantify quinine, amoxicillin and metronidazole in different pharmaceutical forms.
KeywordsPoor Quality MedicinesUV-Visible Spectrophotometric MethodsQuinineAmoxicillinMetronidazoleValidationTotal ErrorAccuracy Profiles
- Hay, S.I., Guerra, C.A., Tatem, A.J., Noor, A.M. and Snow, R.W. (2004) The Global Distribution and Population at Risk of Malaria: Past, Present and Future. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 4, 327-336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(04)01043-6
- Ambroise, T. (2000) Traitement du paludisme: Prévenir les résistances par les associations d’antipaludiques. Médecine Tropicale, 60, 219-222.
- Geyer, G. (2001) Les combinaisons thérapeutiques antipaludiques: Rapport d’une consultation technique. Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (World Health Organization), Genève, Suisse, 5-24.
- Mutabingwa, T., Anthony, D., Heller, A., Hallett, R., Ahmed, J., Drakeley, C., Greenwood, B.M. and Whitty, C. (2005) Amodiaquine Alone, Amodiaquine + Sulfadoxinepyrimethamine, Amodiaquine + Artesunate, and Artemether-Lumefantrine for Outpatient Treatment of Malaria in Tanzanian Children: A Four-Arm Randomized Effectiveness Trial. The Lancet, 365, 1474-1480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66417-3
- Tall, A., Rabarijaona, L., Robert, V., Bedja, S., Ariey, F. and Randrianarivelojosia, M. (2007) Efficacy of Artesunate plus Amodiaquine, Artesunate plus Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine and Chloroquine plus Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine in Patients with Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum in the Comoros Union. Acta Tropica, 102, 176-181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2007.03.004
- Van Vugt, M., Looareesuwan, S., Wilairatana, P., McGready, R., Villegas, L., Gathmann, I., Mull, R., Brockman, A., White, N.J. and Nosten, F. (2000) Artemether-Lumefantrine for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Falciparum Malaria, Transactions of the Royal. Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 94, 545-548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0035-9203(00)90082-8
- South East Asian Quinine Artesunate Malaria Trial (SEAQUAMAT) Group (2005) Artesunate versus Quinine for Treatment of Severe Falciparum Malaria: A Randomised Trial. Lancet, 366, 717-725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67176-0
- Panusa, A., Multari, G., Incarnato, G. and Gagliardi, L. (2007) High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Anti-Inflammatory Pharmaceuticals with Ultraviolet and Electrospray-Mass Spectrometry Detection in Suspected Counterfeit Homeopathic Medicinal Products. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 43, 1221-1227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2006.10.012
- Newton, P.N., Lee Sue, J., Goodman, C., Fernández Facundo, M., Yeung, S., Phanouvong, S., Kaur, H., Amin, A.A., Whitty, C.J.M., Kokwaro, G.O., Lindegårdh, N., Lukulay, P., White, L.J., Day, N.P.J., Green, M.D. and White, N.J. (2009) Guidelines for Field Surveys of the Quality of Medicines: A Proposal. PloS Medicine, 6, 0252-0257.