Voltammetric Study of the Interaction between Melamine and DNA on a Carboxylic Acid-Functionalized Nano-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Modified Electrode and Its Analytical Application for Melamine Determination in Liquid Milk Samples — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Voltammetric Study of the Interaction between Melamine and DNA on a Carboxylic Acid-Functionalized Nano-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Modified Electrode and Its Analytical Application for Melamine Determination in Liquid Milk Samples
Biological and Chemical Engineering School, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
,
Biological and Chemical Engineering School, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
,
Biological and Chemical Engineering School, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
,
Biological and Chemical Engineering School, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
,
Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organochemical Materials, & Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Applications of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
1 Biological and Chemical Engineering School, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
2 Biological and Chemical Engineering School, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
3 Biological and Chemical Engineering School, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
4 Biological and Chemical Engineering School, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
5 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organochemical Materials, & Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Applications of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
Carboxylic acid-functionalized nano-sized magnetic composite polymers (COOH-NMPs) were synthesized and used for the preparation of the modified glassy carbon electrode, i.e., COOH-NMPs/GCE and DNA/COOH-NMPs/GCE. The electrochemical behaviors of melamine (MM) were investigated on COOH-NMPs/GCE by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in both cases of DNA in the solution and immobilized on the electrode surface. The electron transfer coefficient ( a ) and the rate constant ( k s ) kept unchanged in the absence and presence of DNA. Based on the electrochemical properties of the interaction of MM on the surface of the DNA/COOH-NMPs/GCE, a direct method for the determination of MM in liquid milk was established. The detection limit of this method was 2.0 ng·L ﹣ 1 , with average recoveries at 95.9% - 104.2% and RSD at 4.5% - 8.2%. The proposed method was provided to have a good accuracy, high stability and good reproducibility with a simple and environmental friendly process. 1 0 kinds of liquid milk samples bought from the market randomly were tested, and only 1 of them was found at relatively low level of MM residue with the amount of 0.12 ug·L ﹣ 1 .
KeywordsCarboxylic Acid-FunctionalizedNano-Sized Magnetic Composite Polymers (NMPs)Melamine (MM)Herring Sperm DNA (HS-DNA)InteractionAnalytical ApplicationDetermination of Melamine
Suchy, P., Strakova, E., Herzig, I., Sta, J., Kalusoca, R. and Pospichalova, M. (2009) Tixicological Risk of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Food and Feed. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 2, 55-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10102-009-0010-6
Tan, J., Li, R. and Jiang, Z.T. (2012) Determination of Melamine in Liquid Milk and Milk Powder by Titania-Based Ligand-Exchange Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography. Food Analytical Methods, 5, 1062-1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12161-011-9350-x
Sun, H., Wang, L., Ai, L., Liang, S. and Wu, H. (2010) A Sensitive and Validated Method for Determination of Melamine Residue in Liquid Milk by Reversed Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Solid-Phase Extraction. Food Control, 21, 686-691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.10.008
Wang, S.S., Li, D.M., Hua, Z.D. and Zhao, M.P. (2011) Molecularly Imprinted Monolith Coupled On-Line with High Performance Liquid Chromatography for Simultaneous Quantitative Determination of Cyromazine and Melamine. Analyst, 136, 3672-3679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1an15086c
Wang, X.H., Fang, Q.X., Liu, S.P. and Chen, L. (2012) Preparation of a Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymer with Pseudo Template for Rapid Simultaneous Determination of Cyromazine and Melamine in Bio-Matrix Samples. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 404, 1555-1564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6200-7
Braekevelt, E., Lau, B.P.Y., Feng, S., Ménard, C. and Tittlemier, S.A. (2011) Determination of Melamine, Ammeline, Ammelide and Cyanuric Acid in Infant Formula Purchased in Canada by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 28, 698-704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2010.545442
Fang, G.H., Lau, H.F., Law, W.S., Fong, S. and Li, Y. (2012) Systematic Optimisation of Coupled Microwave-Assisted Extraction-Solid Phase Extraction for the Determination of Pesticides in Infant Milk Formula via LC-MS/MS. Food Chemistry, 134, 2473-2480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.076
Wu, Y.T., Huang, C.M., Lin, C.C., Ho, W.A., Lin, L.C. and Chiu, T.F. (2009) Determination of Melamine in Rat Plasma, Liver, Kidney, Spleen, Bladder and Brain by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1216, 7595-7601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.05.027
Xu, X., Ren, Y., Zhu, Y., Cai, Z., Han, J., Huang, B. and Zhu, Y. (2009) Direct Determination of Melamine in Dairy Products by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry with Coupled Column Separation. Analytica Chimica Acta, 650, 39-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2009.04.026
Miao, H., Fan, S., Wu, Y., Zhang, L., Zhou, P. and Li, J. (2009) Simultaneous Determination of Melamine, Ammelide, Ammeline, and Cyanuric Acid in Milk and Milk Products by Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, 22, 87-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0895-3988(09)60027-1
Standardization Administration, the People’s Republic of China, GB/T 22388-2008.
Kim, B., Perkins, L.B., Bushway, R.J., Nesbit, S., Fan, T., Sheridan, R. and Greene, V. (2008) Determination of Melamine in Pet Food by Enzyme Immunoassay, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection, and Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Journal of AOAC International, 91, 408-413.
Klampfl, C.W., Andersen, L., Haunschmidt, M., Himmelsbach, M. and Buchberger, W. (2009) Analysis of Melamine in Milk Powder by CZE Using UV Detection and Hyphenation with ESI Quadrupole/TOF MS Detection. Electrophoresis, 30, 1743-1746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.200800786
Yan, N., Zhou, L., Zhu, Z. and Chen, X. (2009) Determination of Melamine in Dairy Products, Fish Feed, and Fish by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with Diode Array Detection. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57, 807-811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf803429e
Lin, M., He, L., Awika, J., Yang, L., Ledoux, D.R., Li, H. and Mustapha, A. (2008) Detection of Melamine in Gluten, Chicken Feed, and Processed Foods Using Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and HPLC. Journal of Food Science, 73, T129-T134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00901.x
Liang, R., Zhang, R. and Qin, W. (2009) Potentiometric Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Determination of Melamine in Milk. Sensors and Actuators B, 141, 544-550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2009.05.024
Tsai, I.L., Sun, S.W., Liao, H.W., Lin, S.C. and Kuo, C.H. (2009) Rapid Analysis of Melamine in Infant Formula by Sweeping-Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 1216, 8296-8303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.06.008
Lutter, P., Savoy-Perroud, M.C., Campos-Gimenez, E., Meyer, L., Goldmann, T., Bertholet, M.C., Mottier, P., Desmarchelier, A., Monard, F., Perrin, C., Robert, F. and Delatour, T. (2011) Screening and Confirmatory Methods for the Determination of Melamine in Cow’s Milk and Milk-Based Powdered Infant Formula: Validation and Proficiency-Tests of ELISA, HPLC-UV, GC-MS and LC-MS/MS. Food Control, 22, 903-913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.11.022
Deng, X.J., Guo, D.H., Zhao, S.Z., Han, L., Sheng, Y.S., Yi, X.H., Zhou, Y. and Peng, T. (2010) A Novel Mixed-Mode Solid Phase Extraction for Simultaneous Determination of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Food by Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Chromatography. Journal of Chromatography B, 878, 2839-2844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.08.038
Sun, Y.J., Liu, R.T., Chi, Z.X., Qin, P.F., Fang, X.Y. and Mou, Y. (2010) Spectroscopic Investigation on the Toxic Interaction of Melamine with Herring Sperm DNA. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 24, 323-329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbt.20341
da Silveira, V.C., Benezra, H., Luz, J.S., Georg, R.C., Oliveira, C.C. and da Costa Ferreira, A.M. (2011) Binding of Oxindole-Schiff Base Copper(II) Complexes to DNA and Its Modulation by the Ligand. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 105, 1692-1703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.09.016
Shen, H.Y., Shao, X.L., Li, J. and Pan, S.D. (2011) In Vitro Study of DNA Interaction with Trichlorobenzenes by Spectroscopic and Voltammetric Techniques. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 6, 532-547.
Shen, H.Y., Liu, Y.Q., Gao, J., Zheng, H.M., Zhu, N. and Li, J. (2011) In Vitro Study of DNA Interaction with Melamine and Its Related Compounds (MARCs). DNA and Cell Biology, 30, 255-264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/dna.2010.1095
Shen, H.Y., Zhu, F., Shi, W., Chen, Z. and Pan, Q.Q. (2010) Studies of Interaction between Melamine and Herring Sperm DNA. Acta Chimica Sinica, 68, 1719-1725.
Shen, H.Y., Zhang, Y., Lin, F., Xu, N.Y. and Zheng, H.M. (2012) In Vitro Study on the Interactions between Native Herring Sperm DNA and Melamine in the Presence of Ca2+ by Spectroscopic and Voltammetric Techniques. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 7, 3817-3834.
Bian, L., Zeng, Q.X., Yang, L.J., Xiong, H.Y., Zhang, X.H. and Wang, S.F. (2011) Voltammetric Studies of the Interaction of Rutin with DNA and Its Analytical Applications on the MWNTs-COOH/Fe3O4 Modified Electrode. Sensors and Actuators B, 156, 615-620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2011.02.007
Zhao, T.K., Liu, L.H., Li, G.M., Dang, A.L. and Li, T.H. (2012) Electrochemical Determination of Melamine with a Glassy Carbon Electrode Coated with a Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotube/Chitosan Composite. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 159, K141-K145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.065205jes
Yardim, Y., Keskin, E., Levent, A., Ozsoz, M. and Senturk, Z.S. (2010) Voltammetric Studies on the Potent Carcinogen, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene: Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric Determination in Bulk Aqueous Forms and Human Urine Samples and Detection of DNA Interaction on Pencil Graphite Electrode. Talanta, 80, 1347-1355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2009.09.035
Shen, H.Y., Zhao, Y.G., Hu, M.Q. and Xia, Q.H. (2009) Preparation and Adsorption Properties of Polycarboxylate Nano-Fe3O4 Magnetic Composite Particles. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 26, 68-73.
Pan, S.D., Shen, H.Y., Xu, Q.H., Luo, J. and Hu, M.Q. (2012) Surface Mercapto Engineered Magnetic Fe3O4 Nanoadsorbent for the Removal of Mercury from Aqueous Solutions. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 365, 204-212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2011.09.002
Zhao, Y.G., Shen, H.Y., Pan, S.D. and Hu, M.Q. (2010) Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Ethylenediamine-Functionalized Fe3O4 Magnetic Polymers for Removal of Cr(VI) in Wastewater. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 182, 295-302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.029
Pan, S.D., Zhang, Y., Shen, H.Y. and Hu, M.Q. (2012) An Intensive Study on the Magnetic Effect of Mercapto-Functionalized Nano-Magnetic Fe3O4 Polymers and Their Adsorption Mechanism for the Removal of Hg(II) from Aqueous Solution. Chemical Engineering Journal, 210, 564-574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.09.016
Bonjean, K., de Pauw-Gillet, M.C., Defresne, M.P., Colson, P., Houssier, C., et al. (1998) The DNA Intercalating Alkaloid Cryptolepine Interferes with Topoisomerase II and Inhibits Primarily DNA Synthesis in B16 Melanoma Cells. Biochemistry, 37, 5136-5146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi972927q
Zhong, W., Yu, J., Liang, Y., Fan, K. and Lai, L. (2004) Chlorobenzylidine-Calf Thymus DNA Interaction II: Circular Dichroism and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies. Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 60, 2985-2992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2004.02.012
World Health Organization. International Experts Limit Melamine Levels in Food. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2010/melamine_food_20100706/en/index.html