A Validated Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) Method to Estimate Free Calcium and Phosphorus in In Vitro Phosphate Binding Study of Eliphos Tablets
- 1
- 2
- 3
Abstract
An ICP-OES method has been developed to estimate Calcium and Phosphorous in In vitro phosphate binding study of Eliphos Tablets. The method is selective and is capable of detecting calcium and phosphorous in the presence of other trace elements. The method has been validated using RF power of 1500 watts, plasma flow of 15L/min, Nebuliser flow of 0.8 L/min and plasma view at radial mode for calcium and axial mode for phosphorus. The wavelength was monitored for calcium and phosphorous at 317.933 nm and 213.677 nm respectively. The method has been validated in terms of specificity, precision, linearity, accuracy, limit of quantification and ruggedness. The In vitro binding studies were performed for Eliphos Tablets at eight dif- ferent phosphate concentrations by incubating at 37.0?C and analysis was performed using the validated method to estimate free calcium and phosphorus. The objective of the study is to provide an alternate In vitro method to estimate the binding capacity of calcium acetate tablets to avoid the expensive in-vivo bio clinical studies.
- J. J. Schucker and K. E. Ward, “Hyperphosphatemia and Phosphate Binders,” American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Vol. 62, No. 22, 2005, pp. 2355-2361. doi:10.2146/ajhp050198
- M. R. Kaplan, C. L. Stashenko, A. L. Bledsoe and J. McGowan, “Calcium Acetate Tablets versus Gelcaps in Hemodialysis Patients,” Nephrology Nursing Journal, Vol. 29, No. 4, 2002, pp.
- S. V. Verstraeten, L. Aimo and P. I. Oteiza, “Aluminum and Lead: Molecular Mechanisms of Brain Toxicity,” Archives of Toxicology, Vol. 82, No. 11, 2008, pp. 789- 802. doi:10.1007/s00204-008-0345-3
- A. T. Proudfoot, “Aluminum and Zinc Phosphide Poi-soning,” Clinical Toxicology, Vol. 47, No. 2, 2009, pp. 89-100. doi:10.1080/15563650802520675
- A. C. Alfrey, G. R. Le Gendre and W. D. Kaehny, “The Dialysis Encephalopathy Syndrome. Possible Aluminum Intoxication,” New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 294, No. 4, 1976, pp. 184-188. doi:10.1056/NEJM197601222940402
- D. Drago, A. Cavaliere, N. Mascetra, et al., “Aluminum Modulates Effects of Beta Amyloid (1-42) on Neuronal Calcium Homeostasis and Mitochondria Functioning and Is Altered in a Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alz-heimer’s Disease,” Rejuvenation Research, Vol. 11, No. 5, 2008, pp. 861-871. doi:10.1089/rej.2008.0761
- S. W. Bihaqi, M. Sharma, A. P. Singh and M. Tiwari, “Neuroprotective Role of Convolvulus Pluricaulis on Aluminum Induced Neurotoxicity in Rat Brain,” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Vol. 124, No. 3, 2009, pp. 409-415. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2009.05.038
- H. M. Bolt and J. G. Hengstler, “Aluminum and Lead Toxicity Revisited: Mechanisms Explaining the Particular Sensitiveity of the Brain to Oxidative Damage,” Archives of Toxicology, Vol. 82, No. 11, 2008, pp. 787-788. doi:10.1007/s00204-008-0366-y
- C. Exley, L. Swarbrick, R. K. Gherardi and F. J. Authier, “A Role for the Body Burden of Aluminum in Vac-cine-Associated Macrophagic Myofasciitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome,” Medical Hypotheses, Vol. 72, No. 2, 2009, pp. 135-139. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2008.09.040
- E. Gilbert-Barness, L. A. Barness, J. Wolff and C. Hard-ing, “Aluminum Toxicity,” Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Vol. 152, No. 5, 1998, pp. 511-512.
- A. Becaria, A. Campbell and S. C. Bondy, “Aluminum as a Toxicant,” Toxicology & Industrial Health, Vol. 18, No. 7, 2002, pp. 309-320. doi:10.1191/0748233702th157oa
- C. B. Boss and K. J. Fredeen, “Concepts, Instrumentation and Techniques in Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry,” 3rd Edition, Perkin Elmer, Waltham, 1997.