This study investigated the effect of biogas production on the removal hazardous waste properties. Biogas was produced from caw, chicken and mixed manure. Samples were taken before and after biogas production and tested for removal of total solid (TS), removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and fecal coliform bacteria (FC). Results showed tremendous removal of the above mentioned parameters after biogas production. Chemical analysis of digestate indicates the advantages of using them as plant nutrients. Application of digestate in soil dramatically changed the chemical and physical properties of soil. It can be concluded that biogas production, is not only producing biogas but also removing waste parameters (TS, COD, BOD, FC) and producing plant nutrients.
KeywordsBiogas ProductionRemoval of CODBOD and/or TS
Bornstein, R., Safi, J., El-Nahhal, Y., Isaac, J., Rishmawi, K., Luria, M., Mahrer, Y., Ranmar, D. and Weinroth, E. (2001) Transboundary Air-Quality Effects from Urbanization. UJSU Report to USAID-Merc.
Heinze, S., Chen, Y., El-Nahhal, Y., Hadar, Y., Jung, R., Safi, J., Safi, M., Tarchitzky, J. and Marschner, B. (2014) Small Scale Stratification of Microbial Activity Parameters in Mediterranean Soils under Freshwater and Treated Wastewater Irrigation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 70, 193-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.12.023
Al-Arifi, S.N., Al-Agha, R.M. and El-Nahhal, Z.Y. (2013) Hydrogeology and Water Quality of Umm Alradhma Aquifer, Eastern Saudi Arabia. Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences, 3, 118-127.
Al-Arifi, S.N., Al-Agha, R.M. and El-Nahhal, Z.Y. (2013) Environmental Impact of Landfill on Groundwater, South East of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 3, 222-242.
Abed, M.A., Safi, M.N., Köster, J., Beer, D., El-Nahhal, Y, Rullkötter, J. and Garcia-Pichel, F. (2002) Microbial Diversity of a Heavily Polluted Microbial Mat and Its Community Changes Following Degradation of Petroleum Compounds. Applied Environmental Microbiology 68, 1674-1683. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.4.1674-1683.2002
El-Nahhal, I., Al-Najar, H. and El-Nahhal, Y. (2014) Physicochemical Properties of Sewage Sludge from Gaza. International Journal of Geosciences, 5, 586-594. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2014.56053
El-Nahhal, I., Al-Najar, H. and El-Nahhal, Y. (2014) Cations and Anions in Sewage Sludge from Gaza Waste Water Treatment Plant. American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 5, 655-665. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2014.510073
Safi, J., Awad, Y. and El-Nahhal, Y. (2014) Bioremediation of Diuron in Soil and by Cyanobacterial Mat. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 5, 1081-1089. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2014.58120
El-Nahhal, Y. and Hamdona, N. (2015) Phytotoxicity of Alachlor, Bromacil and Diuron as Single or Mixed Herbicides Applied to Wheat, Melon, and Molokhia. SpringerPlus, 4, 367. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-015-1148-7
EL-Nahhal, Y., Kerkez, M.F.S. and Abu Heen, Z. (2015) Toxicity of Diuron, Diquat and Terbutryn Cyanobacterial Mats. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Contamination, 10, 71-82. https://doi.org/10.5132/eec.2015.01.11
El-Nahhal, Y. and Hamms, S. (2017) Effects of Bromacil, Malathion and Thiabendazole on Cyanobacteria Mat Growth. International Journal of Applied Science— Research and Review, 4, 1.
El-Nahhal, Y. Omran El-Dahdouh and Anajjar Husam (2017) Influence of Sand Filter in Wastewater Treatment (a Case Study in Gaza City, Gaza Strip Wastewater Treatment Plant). Desalination and Water Treatment, 89, 118-126. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2017.21398
Liu, S.J., Xi, B.D., Qiu, Z.P., He, X.S., Zhang, H., Dang, Q.L., Zhao, X.Y. and Li, D. (2019) Succession and Diversity of Microbial Communities in Landfills with Depths and Ages and Its Association with Dissolved Organic Matter and Heavy Metals. Science of the Total Environment, 651, 909-916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.267
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Hammad, E., Al-Agha, M.R. and El-Nahhal, Y. (2018) Enhancing Biogas Production: Influence of Mixing Cow and Chicken Manures. Energy and Power Engineering, 10, 383-397. https://doi.org/10.4236/epe.2018.108024
El-Nahhal, Y., Safi, M., Tubail, K. and Safi, J. (2013) Effect of Treated Wastewater Irrigation on Plant Growth and Soil Properties in Gaza Strip Palestine. American Journal of Plant Science, 4, 1736-1743. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2013.49213
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El-Nahhal, Y., Nir, S., Polubesova, T., Margulies, L. and Rubin, B. (1998) Leaching, Phytotoxicity and Weed Control of New Formulations of Alachlor. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 46, 3305-3313. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf971062k
El-Nahhal, Y., EL-dahdouh, N., Hamdona, N. and Alshanti, A. (2016) Toxicological Data of Some Antibiotics and Pesticides to Fish, Mosquitoes, Cyanobacterial Mats and to Plants. Data in Brief, 6, 871-880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2016.01.051
El-Nahhal, Y., Awad, Y. and Safi, J. (2013) Bioremediation of Acetochlor in Soil and Water Systems by Cyanobacterial Mat. International Journal of Geosciences, 4, 880-890. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2013.45082
Safi, J., El-Nahhal, Y. and Safi, M. (2018) Particle Size Distribution and Hydraulic Conductivity in Coastal Non-Agricultural Land in Gaza Coastal Plain. International Journal of Geosciences, 9, 619-633. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2018.910037
El-Nahhal, Y., El-Dahdouh, O. and Al-Najar, H. (2017) Influence of Sand Filter in Wastewater Treatment (a Case Study in Gaza City, Gaza Strip Wastewater Treatment Plant). Desalination and Water Treatment, 89, 118-126. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2017.21398