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Evaluation of the Physico-Chemical Properties of the Waters on the Litani River Station Quaraoun
Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis, Environment and Analytical Methods Laboratory (MCEMA), EDST, FS, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
Laboratory of Applied Studies for Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy (LEADDER), EDST, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
Laboratoire Sol Eau Systèmes Urbains (Leesu), Université Paris Est, Paris, France
Laboratory of Applied Studies for Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy (LEADDER), EDST, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
Laboratoire Sol Eau Systèmes Urbains (Leesu), Université Paris Est, Paris, France
Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis, Environment and Analytical Methods Laboratory (MCEMA), EDST, FS, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
Laboratory of Applied Studies for Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy (LEADDER), EDST, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- 1 Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis, Environment and Analytical Methods Laboratory (MCEMA), EDST, FS, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- 2 Laboratory of Applied Studies for Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy (LEADDER), EDST, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- 3 Laboratoire Sol Eau Systèmes Urbains (Leesu), Université Paris Est, Paris, France
- 4 Laboratory of Applied Studies for Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy (LEADDER), EDST, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- 5 Laboratoire Sol Eau Systèmes Urbains (Leesu), Université Paris Est, Paris, France
- 6 Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis, Environment and Analytical Methods Laboratory (MCEMA), EDST, FS, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- 7 Laboratory of Applied Studies for Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy (LEADDER), EDST, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
American Journal of Analytical Chemistry·Volume 11 (2020)·Pages 90–103·Published 3 February 2020·DOI10.4236/ajac.2020.112007
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Abstract
Water security is a very important purpose facing the world in the last decay as one of the main consequences related to the risks of climate change. Water quality of Litani River’s at Quaraoun Lake station in Lebanon was evaluated by measuring various physicochemical parameters between 2008 and 2018. Samples were performed and analyzed the first of every month. Different analytical methods were used to determine the values of 11 physico-chemical parameters. Different statistical methods, such as Principal Component Analysis and the Times Series Representation, were applied to the results to evaluate the water characteristics, determine the operation of the ecosystem and study the correlation between the different parameters in the Quaraoun station. Industrial, agricultural and sewage water pollution of the Litani River were demonstrated by the high concentration of sulfate, phosphate and ammonia. High bacterial activity was proved from the high decreasing of the dissolved oxygen. Important correlations between the different parameters and between the parameters of the ecosystem and the weather were proved.
KeywordsLitani RiverWater CharacteristicsPhysico-Chemical ParametersStatistical Analysis
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