Nothing can better illustrate the exhausting ascent of Multinational Enterprises (MNE) in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) than the myth of Sisyphus. This Greek King kept rolling his rock to the top of the hill, but whenever he got close to his objective, the stone slipped from his hands and rolled down the hill, to the starting point. He did not, however, succumb to despair as he continued to roll it to the top. CSR is suffering from Sisyphean torture, and it is unable to accomplish anything of significance. In this modern-day tragedy, OCP Group, a global public MNE in Morocco, is rebuilding a new city in Benguerir around the Mohamed VI Polytechnic University, just like it did for the mining city of Khouribga in the past. The impossible becomes almost possible, as Albert Camus concluded in his essay, stating that “everything is good” because “we must imagine Sisyphus happy.” Within the framework of the global value chain, this paper presents an analysis of the Moroccan case study, demonstrating the potential of stakeholder CSR to support vulnerable populations and contribute to the development of transition infrastructures .
KeywordsGlobal Value ChainMNECSRStakeholderImpactPeople and Infrastructure
Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Amachraa, A., & Quelin, B. (2022). Morocco Emergence in Global Value Chains: Four Exemplary Industries. Policy Center for the New South.
Anderson, J. L., Markides, C., & Kupp, M. (2010). The Last Frontier: Market Creation in Conflict Zones, Deep Rural Areas, and Urban Slums. California Management Review, 52, 6-28. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2010.52.4.6
Anner M. (2015). Decent Work in Global Supply Chains. International Journal of Labor Research, 7, 17-32.
Ashwin, S., Kabeer, N., & Schüßler, E. (2020). Contested Understandings in the Global Garment Industry after Rana Plaza. Development and Change, 51, 1296-1305. https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12573
Bair, J. (2005). Global Capitalism and Commodity Chains: Looking Back, Going Forward. Competition & Change, 9, 153-180. https://doi.org/10.1179/102452905X45382
Bair, J., & Palpacuer, F. (2015). CSR beyond the Corporation: Contested Governance in Global Value Chains. Global Networks, 15, S1-S19. https://doi.org/10.1111/glob.12085
Baldwin, R., & Tomiura, E. (2020). Thinking Ahead about the Trade Impact of COVID-19. In R. Baldwin, & B. W. di Mauro (Eds.), Economics in the Time of COVID-19 (pp. 59-71). Centre for Economic Policy Research.
Blowfield, M., &. Frynas, J. G (2005). Setting New Agenda: Critical Perspectives on Corporate Social Responsibility in the Developing World. International Affairs, 80, 499-513. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2005.00465.x
Brandenburger, A. M., & Nalebuff, B. J. (1996). Co-Opetition. Doubleday.
Bygrave, W., & Minniti, M. (2000). The Social Dynamics of Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 24, 25-36. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225870002400302
Camagni, R., & Maillat D. (2006). Milieux Innovateurs: Théorie et Politiques. Economica.
Coe, N. M., & Yeung, H. W. C. (2019). Global Production Networks: Mapping Recent Conceptual Developments. Journal of Economic Geography, 19, 775-801. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbz018
Coe, N. M., Dicken, P., & Hess, M. (2008). Introduction: Global Production Networks—Debates and Challenges. Journal of Economic Geography, 8, 267-269. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbn006
Crane, A., Palazzo, G., Spence, L. J., & Matten, D. (2014). Contesting the Value of “Creating Shared Value”. California Management Review, 56, 130-153. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2014.56.2.130
Elkington, J. (2018). 25 Years Ago I Coined the Phrase “Triple Bottom Line.” Here’s Why It’s Time to Rethink It. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2018/06/25-years-ago-i-coined-the-phrase-triple- bottom-line-heres-why-im-giving-up-on-it
Filion, L. J. (1997). Le champ de l’entrepreneuriat: Historique, évolution, tendances. Revue Internationale PME, 10, 129-172. https://doi.org/10.7202/1009026ar
Fox, T. (2004). Corporate Social Responsibility and Development: In Quest of an Agenda. Development, 47, 26-36. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.development.1100064
Friedman, M. (1970). The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits et Managing for Stakeholders. The New York Times.
Friedman, M. (1994). Money Mischief: Episodes in Monetary History. Mariner Books.
Friedman, M., Mackey, J., & Rodgers, T. J. (2005). Rethinking the Social Responsibility of Business. Reason, 5, 28-37.
Gereffi, G. (2021). Increasing Resilience of Medical Supply Chains during the COVID-19 Pandemic. UNIDO Industrial Analytics Platform.
Gereffi, G., & Fernandez-Stark, K. (2016). Global Value Chain Analysis. Center on Globalization, Governance & Competitiveness.
Gereffi, G., Humphrey, J., & Sturgeon, T. (2005). The Governance of Global Value Chains. Review of International Political Economy, 12, 78-104. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290500049805
Gereffi, G., Pananond, P., & Pedersen, T. (2022). Resilience Decoded: The Role of Firms, Global Value Chains, and the State in COVID-19 Medical Supplies. California Management Review, 64, 46-70. https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256211069420
Hammer, N., & Plugor, R. (2019). Disconnecting Labour? The Labor Process in the UK Fast Fashion Value Chain. Work, Employment and Society, 33, 913-928. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017019847942
Hollender, J., & Breen, B. (2010). The Responsibility Revolution: How the Next Generation of Businesses Will Win. John Wiley & Sons.
Hudson, R. (2004). Conceptualizing Economies and Their Geographies: Spaces, Flows and Circuits. Progress in Human Geography, 28, 447-471. https://doi.org/10.1191/0309132504ph497oa
Idemudia, U. (2011). Corporate Social Responsibility and Developing Countries: Moving the Critical CSR Research Agenda in Africa Forward. Progress in Development Studies, 11, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/146499341001100101
IMF (2022). World Economic Outlook: War Sets Back the Global Recovery. International Monetary Fund.
International Labor Organization (2016). Decent Work in Global Supply Chains. Report IV. Conference Papers. International Labour Office.
Jones, R. W., & Kierzkowski, H. (2001). A Framework for Fragmentation. In S. W. Arndt, & H. Kierzkowski (Eds.), Fragmentation: New Production Patterns in the World Economy (pp. 17-34). Oxford University Press.
Uzunidis, D., & Boutillier, S. (2015). Joseph Aloïs Schumpeter, L'entrepreneur force vive du capitalism (pp. 5-20). Éditions EMS. https://doi.org/10.3917/ems.torre.2015.01.0087
Kano, L., Narula, R., & Surdu, I. (2022). Global Value Chain Resilience: Understanding the Impact of Managerial Governance Adaptations. California Management Review, 64, 24-45. https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256211066635
Kano, L., Tsang, E. W., & Yeung, H. W. C. (2020). Global Value Chains: A Review of the Multi-Disciplinary Literature. Journal of International Business Studies, 51, 577-622. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-020-00304-2
Karnani, A. (2007). The Mirage of Marketing to the Bottom of the Pyramid: How the Private Sector Can Help Alleviate Poverty. California Management Review, 49, 90-111. https://doi.org/10.2307/41166407
Kooiman, J. (2000). Societal Governance: Levels, Modes, and Orders of Social-Political Interaction. In J. Pierre (Ed), Theories of Governance; Debating Governance, Authority, Steering, and Democracy. Oxford University Press.
Kowalski, P., Gonzalez, J. L., Ragoussis, A., & Ugarte, C. (2015). Participation of Developing Countries in Global Value Chains: Implications for Trade and Trade-Related Policies. OECD Trade Policy.
Marshall A. (1919). Industry and Trade (875 p.). MacMillian.
McStay, D. (2008). An Investigation of Undergraduate Student. Ph.D. Thesis, Bond University.
Meng, B., Ye, M., & Wei, S. J. (2020). Measuring Smile Curves in Global Value Chains. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 82, 988-1016. https://doi.org/10.1111/obes.12364
Mitchell, R. K., Agle, B. R., & Wood, D. J. (1997). Toward a Theory of Stakeholder Identification and Salience: Defining the Principle of Who and What Really Counts. Academy of Management Review, 22, 853-886. https://doi.org/10.2307/259247
Mitchell, R. K., Busenitz, L. W., Bird, B., Marie Gaglio, C., McMullen, J. S., Morse, E. A., & Smith, J. B. (2007). The Central Question in Entrepreneurial Cognition Research 2007. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00161.x
Moine, A. (2007). Le territoire: Comment observer un système complexe (178 p.). L’Harmattan.
Mosse, D. (2011). Adventure in Aidland: The Anthropology Professionals in International Development. In Stuides in Public and Applied Anthropology (Vol 6). Berghahn Books.
Mudambi, R. (2008). Location, Control, and Innovation in Knowledge-Intensive Industries. Journal of Economic Geography, 8, 699-725. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbn024
Phillips, W., Roehrich, J. K., Kapletia, D., & Alexander, E. (2022). Global Value Chain Reconfiguration and COVID-19: Investigating the Case for More Resilient Redistributed Models of Production. California Management Review, 64, 71-96. https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256211068545
Pierre, J. (2000). Debating Governance: Authority, Steering and Democracy. Oxford University Press.
Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive Advantage. The Free Press.
Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2011). Creating Shared Value. Harvard Business Review, 89, 2-17.
Porter, M., & Kramer, M. (2011). Creating Shared Value: How to Reinvent New Capitalism, and Unleash a New Wave of Innovation and Growth. Harvard Business Review, 89, 62-77.
Prahalad, C. K., & Hart, S. L. (2002). The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid. Strategy + Business, 26, 1-14
Prieto-Carron, M., Lund-Thomsen, P., Chan, A., Muro, A., & Bhushan, C. (2006). Critical Perspective on CSR and Development: What We Know, What We Don’t Know and What We Need to Know. International Affairs, 82, 977-987. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2006.00581.x
Reed, A. M., & Reed, D. (2004). Corporate Social Responsibility and Development: Towards a New Agenda and beyond. International Secretariat for Human Development and Democratic Governance, York University.
Ryan, P., Buciuni, G., Giblin, M., & Andersson, U. (2022). Global Value Chain Governance in the MNE: A Dynamic Hierarchy Perspective. California Management Review, 64, 97-118. https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256211068544
Shapero, A., & Sokol, L. (1982). The Social Dimensions of Entrepreneurship. In C. A. Kent, D. L. Sexton, & K. H. Vesper (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship. Prentice-Hall.
Shih, W. (2020). Is It Time to Rethink Globalized Supply Chains? MIT Sloan Management Review.
Strange, R., & Humphrey, J. (2019). What Lies between Market and Hierarchy? Insights from Internalization Theory and Global Value Chain Theory. Journal of International Business Studies, 50, 1401-1413. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-018-0186-0
Strange, R., & Magnani, G. (2018). Outsourcing, Offshoring, and the Global Factory. In G. Cook, J. Johns, F. McDonald, J. Beaverstock, & N. Pandit (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to the Geography of International Business (pp. 60-77). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315667379-4
Torre, A. (2019). Territorial Development and Proximity Relationships. In R. Capello, & P. Nijkamp (Eds.), Handbook of Regional and Development Theories (2nd ed., 674 p.). Edward Elgar Publishers. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788970020.00024
Torre, A., & Traversac, J. B. (2011). Territorial Governance: Local Development, Rural Areas and Agrofood Systems. Springer Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2422-3
Torre, A., & Zimmermann, J.-B. (2015). Des clusters aux écosystèmes industriels locaux. Revue d’Économie Industrielle, 152, 13-38. https://doi.org/10.4000/rei.6204
UNCTAD (2013). Global Value Chains and Development: Investment and Value Added Trade in the Global Economy. UNCTAD/DIAE/2013/1. UNCTAD.
Utting, P. (2000). Business Responsibility for Sustainable Development. Geneva 2000 Occasional Paper, No. 2. UNRISD.
Utting, P. (2006). Corporate Responsibility and the Movement of Business. Development in Practice, 15, 375-388. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614520500075797
Van Ufford, P. Q., Kruijt, D., & Downing, T. (1993). Hidden Crisis in Development: Development Bureaucracies. Free University Press.
Visser, W. (2011). The Age of Responsibility: CSR 2.0 and the New DNA of Business. Journal of Business Systems, Governance & Ethics, 5, 7-22. https://doi.org/10.15209/jbsge.v5i3.185
Yunus, M., Dalsace, F., Menasce, D., & Faivre-Tavignot, B., (2015). Reaching the Rich World’s Poorest Consumers. Harvard Business Review, 93, 46-53.
Wettenhall, R. (2003). The Rhetoric and Reality of Public-Private Partnerships. Public Organization Review, 3, 77-107. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023000128175