Retail businesses operate in an environment characterized by numerous risks, including political instability, terrorism, natural disasters, pandemics, corruption, and unpredictable weather patterns. Such disruptions can interrupt daily operations, lower customer satisfaction, weaken organizational credibility and reduce revenue streams. In today’s dynamic environment, supply chains have little tolerance for downtime, necessitating the adoption of continuity planning strategies. Supply Chain Continuity Planning (SCCP) provides organizations with tools to enhance resilience, reduce turnaround time, optimize costs, and sustain customer satisfaction. This study examined the influence of SCCP on the performance of retail chain stores in Kenya. The strategies under review were assessed through both primary and secondary data. Results from the mixed-effects model indicated a significant fixed effect of SCCP on performance at level 1 (β = 0.751, Z = 19.450, p p 2 = 52.8%, ANOVA F-statistic = 15.660, β = 1.368, t = 3.960, p = 0.001). The findings demonstrate that SCCP plays a critical role in improving resilience, minimizing disruption, and sustaining competitiveness. The study concludes that SCCP adoption significantly enhances profitability, operational efficiency, and customer responsiveness among Kenyan retail chain stores, making it an indispensable tool for long-term sustainability.
Adobor, H., & McMullen, R. S. (2018). Supply Chain Resilience: A Dynamic and Multidimensional Approach. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 29, 1451-1471. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-04-2017-0093
Ali, A., Mahfouz, A., & Arisha, A. (2017). Analysing Supply Chain Resilience: Integrating the Constructs in a Concept Mapping Framework via a Systematic Literature Review. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 22, 16-39. https://doi.org/10.1108/scm-06-2016-0197
Azadegan, A., Syed, T. A., Blome, C., & Tajeddini, K. (2020). Supply Chain Involvement in Business Continuity Management: Effects on Reputational and Operational Damage Containment from Supply Chain Disruptions. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 25, 747-772. https://doi.org/10.1108/scm-08-2019-0304
Bailey, D. (2015). Business Continuity Management into Operational Risk Management: Assimilation Is Imminent … Resistance Is Futile! Journal of Business Continuity & Emergency Plan ning, 8, 290-294. https://doi.org/10.69554/muyc3798
Blos, M. F., Hoeflich, S. L., & Miyagi, P. E. (2015). Supply Chain Risk Management in Emerging Markets. International Journal of Industrial Systems Engineering, 21, 327-344.
Bode, C., & Wagner, S. M. (2015). Structural Drivers of Upstream Supply Chain Complexity and the Frequency of Supply Chain Disruptions. Journal of Operations Management, 36, 215-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2014.12.004
Cerullo, V., & Cerullo, M. J. (2004). Business Continuity Planning: A Comprehensive Approach. Information Systems Management, 21, 70-78. https://doi.org/10.1201/1078/44432.21.3.20040601/82480.11
Cheverton, P., & Van Der Velde, J. (2010). Understanding the Professional Buyer: What Every Sales Professional Should Know about How the Modern Buyer Thinks and Behaves. Kogan Page.
Chopra, S., & Meindl, P. (2019). Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning and Operation (7th ed.). Pearson.
Christopher, M. (2016). Logistics and Supply Chain Management (5th ed.). Pearson.
Coase, R. H. (1937). The Nature of the Firm. Economica, 4, 386-405. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0335.1937.tb00002.x
Cuypers, I. R. P., Hennart, J., Silverman, B. S., & Ertug, G. (2021). Transaction Cost Theory: Past Progress, Current Challenges, and Suggestions for the Future. Academy of Management Annals, 15, 111-150. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2019.0051
Daniel, C. O. (2019). Analysis of Quality Work Life on Employees Performance. International Journal of Business and Management Invention ( IJBMI ), 8, 60-65.
Datta, P. P. (2017). A Complex System , Agent - Based Model for Studying and Improving the Resilience of Production and Distribution Networks . Ph.D. Thesis, Cranfield University.
Dennis, B., Ponciano, J. M., Taper, M. L., & Lele, S. R. (2019). Errors in Statistical Inference under Model Misspecification: Evidence, Hypothesis Testing, and AIC. Frontiers in Ecology an d Evolution , 7, 372. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00372
Etemad, H. (2020). Managing Uncertain Consequences of a Global Crisis: SMEs Encountering Adversities, Losses, and New Opportunities. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 18, 125-144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-020-00279-z
Gunasekaran, A., Patel, C., & McGaughey, R. E. (2004). A Framework for Supply Chain Performance Measurement. International Journal of Production Economics, 87, 333-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2003.08.003
Gurning, R. O. S., Cahoon, S., Nguyen, H. O., & Achmadi, T. (2011). Mitigating Maritime Disruptions: Evidence from the Australian-Indonesian Wheat Supply Chain. International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics, 3, 406-429. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijstl.2011.041135
Hale, T., & Moberg, C. R. (2005). Improving Supply Chain Disaster Preparedness: A Decision Process for Secure Site Location. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 35, 195-207. https://doi.org/10.1108/09600030510594576
Harrison, A., Skipworth, H., van Hoek, R. I., & Aitken, J. (2019). Logistics Management and Strategy: Competing through the Supply Chain. Pearson UK.
Hiles, A. (2010). The Definitive Handbook of Business Continuity Ma nagement (3rd ed.). Wiley.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (2019). ISO 22301:2019 Security and Resilience-Business Continuity Management Syst ems-Requirements. ISO.
Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (1996). The Balanced Scorecard : Translating Strategy into Action . Harvard Business School Press.
Katsaliaki, K., Galetsi, P., & Kumar, S. (2022). Supply Chain Disruptions and Resilience: A Major Review and Future Research Agenda. Annals of Operations Research , 319, 965-1002. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-020-03912-1
Ketokivi, M., & Mahoney, J. T. (2020). Transaction Cost Economics as a Theory of Supply Chain Efficiency. Production and Operations Management, 29, 1011-1031. https://doi.org/10.1111/poms.13148
Kraljic, P. (1983). Purchasing Must Become Supply Management. Harvard Business R e view, 61, 109-117.
Linnenluecke, M. K. (2017). Resilience in Business and Management Research: A Review of Influential Publications and a Research Agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19, 4-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12076
Liou, Y. H. (2015). School Crisis Management: A Model of Dynamic Responsiveness to Crisis Life Cycle. Educational Administration Quarterly, 51, 247-289. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161x14532467
Margherita, A., & Heikkilä, M. (2021). Business Continuity in the COVID-19 Emergency: A Framework of Actions Undertaken by World-Leading Companies. Business Horizons, 64, 683-695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2021.02.020
Neely, A., Gregory, M., & Platts, K. (2005). Performance Measurement System Design: A Literature Review and Research Agenda. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 25, 1228-1263.
Nezlek, J. B. (2012). Multilevel Modeling Analyses of Diary-Style Data. In M. R. Mehl, & T. S. Conner (Eds.), Handbook of Research Methods for Studying Daily Life (pp. 357-383). Guilford Press.
Ojha, D., & Gokhale, R. A. (2009). Logistical Business Continuity Planning-Scale Development and Validation. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 20, 342-359. https://doi.org/10.1108/09574090911002814
Ojha, D., Gianiodis, P. T., & Manuj, I. (2013). Impact of Logistical Business Continuity Planning on Operational Capabilities and Financial Performance. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 24, 180-209. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-06-2012-0049
Okuna, P. (2014). Supply Chain Continuity Manage ment System at Kenya Bureau of Standards . Master’s Thesis, University of Nairobi.
Pagach, D., & Warr, R. (2011). The Characteristics of Firms That Hire Chief Risk Officers. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 78, 185-211. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6975.2010.01378.x
Palaniappan, P. K. (2014). Risk Assessment and Management in Supply Chain. Global Journal of Researches in Engineering, 14, 19-30.
Panigrahi, S. S., Bahinipati, B., & Jain, V. (2019). Sustainable Supply Chain Management: A Review of Literature and Implications for Future Research. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 30, 1001-1049. https://doi.org/10.1108/meq-01-2018-0003
Pereira, C. R., Lago da Silva, A., Tate, W. L., & Christopher, M. (2020). Purchasing and Supply Management (PSM) Contribution to Supply-Side Resilience. International Journal of Production Economics, 228, Article ID: 107740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107740
Pitt, M., & Goyal, S. (2004). Business Continuity Planning as a Facilities Management Tool. Facilities, 22, 87-99. https://doi.org/10.1108/02632770410527824
Ponis, S. T., & Ntalla, A. (2016). Crisis Management Practices and Approaches: Insights from Major Supply Chain Crises. Procedia Economics and Finance, 39, 668-673. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)30287-8
Richard, P. J., Devinney, T. M., Yip, G. S., & Johnson, G. (2009). Measuring Organizational Performance: Towards Methodological Best Practice. Journal of Management, 35, 718-804. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308330560
Rijpma, J. A. (1997). Complexity, Tight-Coupling and Reliability: Connecting Normal Accidents Theory and High Reliability Theory. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 5, 15-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.00033
Roberta Pereira, C., Christopher, M., & Lago Da Silva, A. (2014). Achieving Supply Chain Resilience: The Role of Procurement. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 19, 626-642. https://doi.org/10.1108/scm-09-2013-0346
Roberts, K. H. (1990). Managing High Reliability Organizations. California Management Review, 32, 101-113. https://doi.org/10.2307/41166631
Sakura, S. (2018). Effect of Business Continuity Management Practices on Organizational Performance among Security Firms in Nairobi County, Kenya. Information and Knowledge Man agement, 8, 50-58.
Sawyerr, E., & Harrison, C. (2020). Developing Resilient Supply Chains: Lessons from High-Reliability Organisations. Supply Chain Management : An International Journal , 25, 77-100. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-09-2018-0329
Schmidt, C. G., & Wagner, S. M. (2019). Blockchain and Supply Chain Relations: A Transaction Cost Theory Perspective. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 25, Article ID: 100552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2019.100552
Sharma, K. D., & Srivastava, S. (2018). Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) Implementation: A Literature Review. Journal of Advanced Research in Aeronautics and Space Science, 5, 1-17.
Speight, P. (2011). Business Continuity. Journal of Applied Security Research, 6, 529-554. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2011.604021
Tarafdar, M., & Qrunfleh, S. (2017). Agile Supply Chain Strategy and Supply Chain Performance: Complementary Roles of Supply Chain Practices and Information Systems Capability for Agility. International Journal of Production Research, 55, 925-938. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2016.1203079
Tukamuhabwa, B., Stevenson, M., & Busby, J. (2017). Supply Chain Resilience in a Developing Country Context: A Case Study on the Interconnectedness of Threats, Strategies and Outcomes. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 22, 486-505. https://doi.org/10.1108/scm-02-2017-0059
Van Den Eede, G., Van de Walle, B., & Rutkowski, A. (2006). Dealing with Risk in Incident Management: An Application of High Reliability Theory. In Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS ’ 06) (p. 37c). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2006.112
Venkataraman, S. (2019). The Distinctive Domain of Entrepreneurship Research. In J. A. Katz, & A. C. Corbett (Eds.), Seminal Ideas for the Next Twenty-Five Years of Advances (pp. 5-20). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/s1074-754020190000021009
Venkatraman, N., & Ramanujam, V. (1986). Measurement of Business Performance in Strategy Research: A Comparison of Approaches. The Academy of Management Review, 11, 801-814. https://doi.org/10.2307/258398
Wildgoose, N., Brennan, P., & Thompson, S. (2012). Understanding Your Supply Chain to Reduce the Risk of Supply Chain Disruption. Journal of Business Continuity & Emergency Planning, 6, 55-67. https://doi.org/10.69554/qrnj4967
Zsidisin, G. A., & Smith, M. E. (2005). Managing Supply Risk with Early Supplier Involvement: A Case Study and Research Propositions. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 41, 44-57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-493x.2005.04104005.x