The maize streak caused by the maize streak virus (MSV) is a threat to maize cultivation in Burkina Faso. To achieve this, a phytosanitary survey was conducted between 2020 and 2022 in the three agro-climatic zones of Burkina Faso. A total of 600 samples were collected, of which 73% were taken from maize, 10% from sorghum, 13% from millet, and 5% from wild grasses ( Paspalum sp., Brachiaria sp.). Total DNA from the samples have been extracted at Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB), before being amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Specific MSV-F/MSV-R primers were used to amplify the capsid protein gene. After aetmplification and visualization using a gel reader MS UVDI 129-0323, bands of approximately 1000 base pairs were observed. A prevalence of 45.71% was obtained for maize, 37.5% for sorghum, and 31.25% for millet. These results indicate that the observed streak symptoms are those of MSV, thus confirming its presence in maize, sorghum, and millet in Burkina Faso, with a predominance in the Sudano-Sahelian zones. The objective of this work was to detect by molecular analysis and assess the prevalence of streak virus infecting dry cereals in Burkina Faso. A study on the genetic diversity of MSV would be necessary to identify the different existing strains in order to develop management strategies for the disease.
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