Usefulness of Presepsin (Soluble CD14 Subtype) as a Diagnostic Marker of Sepsis in Egyptian Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Abstract

Background: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a systemic inflammatory response to a variety of insults. Presepsin; the soluble CD14 subtype is a novel soluble CD14 molecule that is useful for diagnosing sepsis. It plays an important role in modulating the immune response to endotoxin in vitro and vivo. The aim: Of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of presepsin as a diagnostic marker of sepsis in acute leukemia. Methods: The current study was carried out on 40 adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia after receiving chemotherapy. 10 clinically normal individuals were included in the study to measure the level of presepsin. Results: This study was conducted on 50 individuals divided into 2 groups. Group I included 40 adult AML patients who fulfilled at least two of the diagnostic criteria for SIRS and Group II were 10 healthy adult persons as a control group. In Group I there were 11 patients (27.5%) having SIRS, 8 (20%) having sepsis, 9 (22.5%) having severe sepsis and 12 (30%) having septic shock. Data indicate that presepsin level was significantly higher in patients than control P = 0.017. Our results showed that the level of presepsin has a significantly positive correlation to the degree of severity of sepsis with P value 0.0001. Using the ROC curve, we found that presepsin was more specific than CRP in detection of sepsis. Conclusion: sCD14-ST (presepsin) is a new important marker for diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis. Its level increases in the first six hours after the onset of sepsis. Our data demonstrated that the concentration of presepsin is specifically increased during sepsis and is directly proportional to the degree of sepsis. Regarding sensitivity and specificity of presepsin in the discrimination of sepsis patients from healthy controls, a high specificity but low sensitivity was reported by most of the studies.