Cotton is considered as a major cash crop of the world. It earns huge foreign exchange by its valuable products; fiber, lint, cotton seed oil, hull and a lot more. Being an important fiber crop, it earns huge foreign exchange by contributing to textile and seed oil industry. This review summarizes cotton biology, its diversity and domestication, genome assembly, constraints in its production and methods to improve cotton plant to fulfill the need of textile and oil industry. But cotton is facing enormous biotic and abiotic stresses with insect pests being most prominent. Massive destruction caused by insects needs to be controlled for maintaining fruitful cotton crop production. Conventional breeding approaches are limited to improving single trait and integrate stable genes within plant genome in approximately 7 - 8 years. Improved biotechnological procedures have paved new pathways to target genes specifically and improve cotton germplasm in lesser time than conventional breeding.
Oskawe, E. (2009) Cotton Fact Sheet. International Cotton Advisory Committee.
Banuri, T. (1998) Pakistan: Environmental Impact of Cotton Production and Trade. Int. Institute of Sustainable Development, Canada.
Cororaton, C.B. and Orden, D. (2008) Pakistan’s Cotton and Textile Economy, Intersectoral Linkages and Effects on Rural and Urban Poverty. International Food Policy Research Institute, USA.
Economic Survey of Pakistan (2017) Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Economic Advisor Wing, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2008) The Biology of Gossypium hirsutum L. and Gossypium barbedense L. (Cotton). Australian Government, Department of Health and Ageing, Office of the Gene Technology Regulator. Version 2, 1-91. http://www.ogtr.gov.au
Quinn, J. and Kelly, D. (2011) Australian Cotton Production Manual. Crop Growth Stages, 7, 44-47.
Robertson, B., Bednarz, C. and Burmester, C. (2007) Growth and Development—First 60 Days. Newsletter of the Cotton Physiology Education Program. National Cotton Council, 13, 1-5.
Oosterhuis, D.M. and Snider, J.L. (2010) High Temperature Stress on Floral Development and Yield of Cotton. In: High Temperature Stress on Floral Development and Yield of Cotton, National Cotton Council of America. https://www.cotton.org/foundation/upload/Stress-Physiology-in-Cotton_Chapter1.pdf
Wendel, J.F., Brubaker, C., Alvarez, I., Cronn, R. and Stewart, J.M. (2009) Evolution and Natural History of the Cotton Genus. In: Paterson, A.H., Ed., Genetics and Genomics of Cotton. Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models, Vol. 3, Springer, New York, 3-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70810-2_1
Schmitz, U. (2009) David Gledhill (2008): The Names of Plants. Flora, 204, 560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2008.11.002
Wendel, J.F. and Grover, C.E. (2015) Taxonomy and Evolution of the Cotton Genus, Gossypium. In: Cotton, 2, American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Crop Science Society of America, Inc., Soil Science Society of America, Inc., 1-20. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr57.2013.0020
Chen, Z.J., Scheffler, B.E., Dennis, E., Triplett, B.A., Zhang, T., Guo, W., Chen, X., Stelly, D.M., Rabinowicz, P.D., Town, C.D., Arioli, T., Brubaker, C., Cantrell, R.G., Lacape, J., Ulloa, M., Chee, P., Gingle, A.R., Haigler, C.H., Percy, R., Saha, S., Wilkins, T., Wright, R.J., Deynze, A.V., Zhu, Y., Yu, S., Abdurakhmonov, I., Katageri, I., Kumar, P.A., Rahman, M., Zafar, Y., Yu, J.Z., Kohel, R.J., Wendel, J.F. and Paterson, A.H. (2007) Towards Sequencing Cotton (Gossypium) Genomes. Plant Physiology, 145, 1303-1310. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.107.107672
Duncan, D.R. (2010) Cotton Transformation. In: Cotton. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, Vol. 65, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04796-1_4
Schoen, B. (2009) The Fragile Fabric of Union: Cotton, Federal Politics and the Global Origins of the Civil War. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, 26-31.
Zafar, Y. and Brown, J. (2011) Genome Characterization of Whitefly-Transmitted Geminivirus of Cotton and Development of Virus-Resistant Plants through Genetic Engineering and Conventional Breeding. The ICAC Recorder, 29, 7-12.
Kirkby, K.A., Lonergan, P.A., Smith, L.J., Scheikowski, L., Cooper, B.R. and Lehane, J. (2012) Innovative Disease Management.
Oliver, T.W. (2013) King Cotton in Albama: A Brief History.
Brite, E. and Marston, J.M. (2013) Environmental Change, Agricultural Innovation, and the Spread of Cotton Agriculture in the Old World. Journal of Anthropology and Archaeology, 32, 39-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2012.08.003
(2007) Cotton, A History. https://newint.org/features/2007/04/01/history
Murphy, J.D. (2007) People, Plants and Genes: The Story of Crops and Humanity. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Moulherat, C., Tengberg, M., Haquet, J.F. and Mille, B. (2002) First Evidence of Cotton at Neolithic Mehrgarh, Pakistan: Analysis of Mineralized Fibres from a Copper Bead. Journal of Archaeological Science, 29, 1393-1401. https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.2001.0779
Burton, S. (1998) A History of India. Blackwell Publishing, Hoboken, NJ.
Ahmed, M. (2014) Ancient Pakistan—An Archaeological History. CreateSpace Independent Publishing, Scotts Valley, CA.
Osada, T. and Uesugi, A. (2008) Linguistics, Archaeology and the Human Past. Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto.
Hustvedt, G. and Crew, P.C. (2005) Textile Technology. The Journal of Cotton Science, 9, 47-55.
Fox, S. (2009) Natural Cotton.
Vreeland Jr., J.M. (1999) The Revival of Colored Cotton. Scientific American, 280, 112. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0499-112
Malik, W., Khan, A.A. and Sadia, B. (2013) In Situ Characterization of Coloured Cotton Genotypes. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 7, 299-304.
Khan A.I., Fu, Y.B. and Khan, I.A. (2009) Genetic Diversity of Pakistani Cotton Cultivars as Revealed by Simple Sequence Repeat Markers. Communications in Biometry and Crop Science, 4, 21-30.
http://www.cicr.org.in/
Guo, W.Z., Wang, K. and Zhang, T.Z. (2003) A and D Genome Evolution in Gossypium Revealed Using SSR Molecular Markers. Journal of Genetics and Genomics, 30, 183-188.
Zhao, X., Ji, Y., Ding, X., Stelly, D.M. and Paterson, A.H. (1998) Macromolecular Organization and Genetic Mapping of a Rapidly Evolving Chromosome-Specific Tandem Repeat Family (B77) in Cotton (Gossypium). Plant Molecular Biology, 38, 1031-1042. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006073116627
Page, J.T., Huynu, M.D., Liechty, Z.S., Grupp, K., Hulse, A.M., Ashrafi, H., Van-Deynze, A., Wendel, J.F. and Udall, J.A. (2013) Insights into the Evolution of Cotton Diploids and Polyploids from Whole-Genome Re-Sequencing. G3, 3, 1809-1818. https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.113.007229
Wang, K., Wang, Z., Li, F., Ye, W., Wang, J., Song, G., Yue, Z., Cong, L., Shang, H., Zhu, S., Zou, C., Li, Q., Yuan, Y., Lu, C., Wei, H., Gou, C., Zheng, Z., Yin, Y., Zhang, X., Liu, K., Wang, B., Song, C., Shi, N., Kohel, R.J., Percy, R.G., Yu, J.Z., Zhu, Y.X., Wang, J. and Yu, S. (2012) The Draft Genome of a Diploid Cotton Gossypium raimondii. Nature Genetics, 44, 1098-1103. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2371
Guo, W., Cai, C., Wang, C., Zhao, L., Wang, L. and Zhang, T. (2008) A Preliminary Analysis of Genome Structure and Composition in Gossypium hirsutum. BMC Genomics, 9, Article No. 314. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-9-314
Paterson, A.H., Wendel, J.F., Gundlach, H., Guo, H., Jenkins, J., Jin, D., Llewellyn, D., Showmaker, K.C., Shu, S., Udall, J., Yoo, M.J., Byers, R., Chen, W., Doron-Faigenboim, A., Duke, M.V., Gong, L., Grimwood, J., Grover, C., Grupp, K., Hu, G., Lee, T.H., Li, J., Lin, L., Liu, T., Marler, B.S., Page, J.T., Roberts, A.W., Romanel, E., Sanders, W.S., Szadkowski, E., Tan, X., Tang, H., Xu, C., Wang, J., Wang, Z., Zhang, D., Zhang, L., Ashrafi, H., Bedon, F., Bowers, J.E., Brubaker, C.L., Chee, P.W., Das, S., Gingle, A.R., Haigler, C.H., Harker, D., Hoffmann, L.V., Hovav, R., Jones, D.C., Lemke, C., Mansoor, S., Rehman, M., Rainville, L.N., Rambani, A., Reddy, U.K., Rong, J.K., Saranga, Y., Scheffler, B.E., Scheffler, J.A., Stelly, D.M., Triplet, B.A., Deynze, A.V., Vaslin, M.F., Waghmare, V.N., Walford, S.A., Wright, R.J., Zaki, E.A., Zhang, T., Dennis, E.S., Mayer, K.F., Peterson, D.G., Rokhsar, D.S., Wang, X. and Schmutz, J. (2012) Repeated Polyploidization of Gossypium Genomes and the Evolution of Spinnable Cotton Fibres. Nature, 492, 423-427. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11798
Wang, Z., Zhang, D., Wang, X., Tan, X., Guo, H. and Paterson, A.H. (2013) A Whole-Genome DNA Marker Map for Cotton Based on the D-Genome Sequence of Gossypium raimondii L. G3, 3, 1759-1767. https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.113.006890
Blenda, A., Fang, D.D., Rami, J.F., Garsmeur, O., Luo, F. and Lacape, J.M. (2012) A High Density Consensus Genetic Map of Tetraploid Cotton That Integrates Multiple Component Maps through Molecular Marker Redundancy Check. PLoS ONE, 7, e45739. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045739
Xie, W., Feng, Q., Yu, H., Huang, X., Zhao, Q., Xing, Y., Yu, S., Han, B. and Zhang, Q. (2010) Parent-Independent Genotyping for Constructing an Ultrahigh-Density Linkage Map Based on Population Sequencing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107, 10578-10583. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1005931107
Sun, Z., Wang, Z., Tu, J., Zhang, J. and Yu, F. (2007) An Ultradense Genetic Recombination Map for Brassica napus, Consisting of 13,551 SRAP Markers. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 114, 1305-1317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-006-0483-z
Li, F., Fan, G., Wang, K., Sun, F., Yuan, Y., Song, G., Li, Q., Ma, Z., Lu, C., Zou, C., Chen, W., Liang, X., Shang, H., Liu, W., Shi, C., Xiao, G., Gou, C., Ye, W., Xu, X., Zhang, X., Wei, H., Li, Z., Zhang, G., Wang, J., Liu, K., Kohels, R.J., Percy, R.G., Yu, J.Z., Zhu, Y., Wang, J. and Yu, S. (2014) Genome Sequence of the Cultivated Cotton Gossypium arboreum. Nature Genetics, 46, 567-572. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2987
Li, F., Fan, G., Lu, C., Xiao, G., Zou, C., Kohel, R.J., Ma, Z., Shang, H., Ma, X., Wu, J., Liang, X., Huang, G., Percy, R.G., Liu, K., Yang, W., Chen, W., Du, X., Shi, C., Yuan, Y., Ye, W., Liu, X., Zhang, X., Liu, W., Wei, H., Wei, S., Huang, G., Zhang, X., Zhu, X., Zhang, H., Sun, F., Wang, X., Liang, J., Wang, J., He, Q., Hunag, L., Wang, J., Cui, J., Song, G., Wang, K., Xu, X., Yu, J.Z., Zhu, Y. and Yu, S. (2015) Genome Sequence of Cultivated Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum TM-1) Provides Insights into Genome Evolution. Nature Biotechnology, 33, 524-530. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3208
Hendrix, B. and Stewart, J.M. (2005) Estimation of the Nuclear DNA Content of Gossypium Species. Annals of Botany, 95, 789-797. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci078
Zhang, T., Hu, Y., Jiang, W., Fang, L., Guan, X., Chen, J., Zhang, J., Saski, C.A., Scheffler, B.E., Stelly, D.M., Hulsekemp, A.M., Wan, Q., Liu, B., Liu, C., Wang, S., Pan, M., Wang, Y., Wang, D., Ye, W., Chang, L., Zhang, W., Song, Q., Kirkbride, R.C., Chen, X., Dennis, E., Llewellyn, D.J., Peterson, D.G., Thaxton, P., Jones, D.C., Wang, Q., Xu, X., Zhang, H., Wu, H., Zhou, L., Mei, G., Chen, S., Tian, Y., Xiang, D., Li, X., Ding, J., Zuo, Q., Tao, L., Liu, Y., Li, J., Lin, Y., Hui, Y., Cao, Z., Cai, C., Zhu, X., Jiang, Z., Zhou, B., Guo, W., Li, R. and Chen, J. (2015) Sequencing of Allotetraploid Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. acc. TM-1) Provides a Resource for Fiber Improvement. Nature Biotechnology, 33, 531-537. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3207
Wang, B.-H., Wu, Y.-T., Huang, N.-T., Zhu, X.-F., Guo, W.-Z. and Zhang, T.-Z. (2006) QTL Mapping for Plant Architecture Traits in Upland Cotton Using RILs and SSR Markers. Acta Genetica Sinica, 33, 161-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-4172(06)60035-8
Abdurakhmonov, I.Y., Kohel, R.J., Yu, J.Z., Pepper, A.E., Abdullaev, A.A., Kushanov, F.N., Salakhutdinov, I.B., Buriev, Z.T., Saha, S., Scheffler, B.E., Jenkins, J.N and Abdukarimov, A. (2008) Molecular Diversity and Association Mapping of Fiber Quality Traits in Exotic G. hirsutum L. Germplasm. Genomics, 92, 478-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2008.07.013
de Magalhaes Bertini, C.H.C., Schuster, I., Sediyama, T., de Barros, E.G. and Moreira, M.A. (2006) Characterization and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Cotton Cultivars Using Microsatellites. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 29, 321-329. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-47572006000200021
Chen, G. and Du, X.-M. (2006) Genetic Diversity of Source Germplasm of Upland Cotton in China as Determined by SSR Marker Analysis. Acta Genetica Sinica, 33, 733-745. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-4172(06)60106-6
Tyagi, P., Gore, M.A., Bowman, D.T., Campbell, B.T., Udall, J.A. and Kuraparthy, V. (2014) Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in the US Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 127, 283-295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-013-2217-3
Ehsan, B., Haque, A., Younas, M., Shaheen, T., Huma, T., Sattar, S., Idrees, S. and Iqbal, Z. (2013) Assessment of Genomic Diversity of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Genotypes Using Simple Sequence Repeats Markers through Genetic Analysis Software. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 15, 968-972.
Nazeer, W., Ahmad, S., Mahmood, K., Tipu, A.L., Mahmood, A. and Zhao, B. (2014) Introgression of Genes for Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Resistance and Increased Fiber Strength from Gossypium stocksii into Upland Cotton (G. hirsutum). Genetics and Molecular Research, 13, 1133-1143. https://doi.org/10.4238/2014.February.21.2
Mann, R. (2011) Bemisia tabaci Interaction with Cotton Leaf Curl Virus. In: Thompson, W.M.O., Ed., The Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Interaction with Geminivirus-Infected Host Plants, Springer, Dordrecht, 69-88. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1524-0_4
Singh, D., Gill, J.S., Gumber, R.K., Singh, R. and Singh, S. (2013) Yield and Fibre Quality Associated with Cotton Leaf Curl Disease of Bt-Cotton in Punjab. Journal of Environmental Biology, 34, 113-116.
Ahmad, S., Hussain, A., Hanif, M., Mahmood, K. and Nazeer, W. (2012) CRSM-38, a New High Yielding Coupled with CLCuV Tolerance Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Variety. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11, 4368-4677.
Cai J.H., Xie, K., Lin, L., Qin, B.X., Chen, B.S., Meng, J.R. and Liu, Y.L. (2010) Cotton Leaf Curl Multan Virus Newly Reported to Be Associated with Cotton Leaf Curl Disease in China. Plant Pathology, 59, 794-795. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02266.x
Sattar M.N., Kvarnheden, A., Saeed, M. and Briddon, R.W. (2013) Cotton Leaf Curl Disease—An Emerging Threat to Cotton Production Worldwide. Journal of General Virology, 94, 695-710. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.049627-0
Azhar, M.T., Akhtar, S. and Mansoor, S. (2012) Cotton Leaf Curl Multan Betasatellite Strains Cloned from Gossypium barbadense Further Supports Selection Due to Host Resistance. Virus Genes, 45, 402-405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-012-0766-1
Kirda, C., Topcu, S., Cetin, M., Dasgan, H., Kaman, H., Topaloglu, F., Derici, M.R. and Ekici, B. (2007) Prospects of Partial Root Zone Irrigation for Increasing Irrigation Water Use Efficiency of Major Crops in the Mediterranean Region. Annals of Applied Biology, 150, 281-291. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2007.00141.x
Ellstrand, N.C., Prentice, H.C. and Hancock, J.F. (1999) Gene Flow and Introgression from Domesticated Plants into Their Wild Relatives. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 30, 539-563. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.30.1.539
Bull, J.J. and Wichman, H.A. (2001) Applied Evolution. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 32, 183-217. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114020
Allard, R.W. (1999) History of Plant Population Genetics. Annual Review of Genetics, 33, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genet.33.1.1
Zhang, J., Lu, Y., Adragna, H. and Hughs, E. (2005) Genetic Improvement of New Mexico Acala Cotton Germplasm and Their Genetic Diversity. Crop Science, 45, 2363-2373. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2005.0140
Ulukan, H. (2009) The Evolution of Cultivated Plant Species: Classical Plant Breeding versus Genetic Engineering. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 280, 133-142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-008-0118-8
Poelhman, J. and Sleeper, D. (1995) Breeding Cotton. Breeding Field Crops. 4th Edition, Iowa State University Press, Iowa.
Doebley, J.F., Gaut, B.S. and Smith, B.D. (2006) The Molecular Genetics of Crop Domestication. Cell, 127, 1309-1321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.006
Ulukan, H. (2008) Agronomic Adaptation of Some Field Crops: A General Approach. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 194, 169-179. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.2008.00306.x
Jagtap, D. and Mehetre, S. (1998) Genetic Variability in Intervarietal Crosses of Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 19, 130-132.
Swami, V. and Swami, V. (1986) Effect of Recurrent Selfing and Selection on Plant Type Induced Mutants from Desi Cotton (G. arboreum L.). Madras Agricultural Journal, 73, 66-72.
Sundaravadivelu, K. (2000) Breeding and Induced Mutation Studies in Cultivated Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.).
Mehetre, S. and Thombre, M. (1983) Fibre Properties of X-Ray Induced Glandless Mutants in American Cotton. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities, 8, 189-190.
Iqbal, S., Chaudhry, R., Aslam, M. and Bandesha, A. (1994) Development of a High Yielding Cotton Mutant, NIAB-92 through the Use of Induced Mutations. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 26, 99-99.
Narayanan, S. and Sreerangasamy, S. (1973) Fibre Properties in Diploids and Induced Amphiploids of Asiatic Cotton × G. anomalum. Madras Agricultural Journal, 60, 1574-1580.
Russell, G.E. (2013) Plant Breeding for Pest and Disease Resistance: Studies in the Agricultural and Food Sciences. Butterworth-Heinemann, UK.
Kharkwal, M. and Shu, Q. (2009) The Role of Induced Mutations in World Food Security. Induced Plant Mutations in the Genomics era. FAO, Rome, 33-38.
Rahman, M., Khan, A.Q., Rahmat, Z., Iqbal, M.A. and Zafar, Y. (2017) Genetics and Genomics of Cotton Leaf Curl Disease, Its Viral Causal Agents and Whitefly Vector: A Way Forward to Sustain Cotton Fiber Security. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 1157. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01157
Lacape, J.-M., Nguyen, T.-B., Courtois, B., Belot, J.-L., Giband, M., Gourlot, J.-P., Gawryziak, G., Roques, S. and Hau, B. (2005) QTL Analysis of Cotton Fiber Quality Using Multiple Gossypium hirsutum × Gossypium barbadense Backcross Generations. Crop Science, 45, 123-140. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2005.0123a
Srivastava, H.K. (1981) Intergenomic Interaction, Heterosis, and Improvement of Crop Yield. Advances in Agronomy, 34, 117-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60886-X
Gupta, S. and Singh, T. (1987) Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression for Seed Cotton Yield and Some Seed and Fibre Attributes in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Crop Improvement, 14, 14-17.
Alkuddsi, Y., Patil, S., Manjula, S., Patil, B., Nadaf, H. and Nandihali, B. (2013) Heterosis Performance of Seed Cotton Yield and Physiological Parameters in F1 Inter Specific Hybrids in Cotton. Cotton Genomics and Genetics, 4, 60-72.
Basal, H., Canavar, O., Khan, N.U. and Cerit, C.S. (2011) Combining Ability and Heterotic Studies through Line × Tester in Local and Exotic Upland Cotton Genotypes. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 43, 1699-1706.
Ali, M. and Kalwar, M. (2000) Breeding Implications from a Diallel Analysis for Yield and Yield Components in Cotton. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering Veterinary Sciences, 16, 14-18.
Baloch, M.J., Bhutto, H. and Lakho, A.R. (1997) Combining Ability Estimates of Highly Adapted Tester Lines Crossed with Pollinator Inbreds of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 40, 95-98.
Ashokkumar, K. and Ravikesavan, R. (2008) Genetic Studies of Combining Ability Estimates for Seed Oil, Seed Protein and Fibre Quality Traits in Upland Cotton (G. hirsutum L.). Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 4, 798-802.
Ahuja, S. and Dhayal, L. (2007) Combining Ability Estimates for Yield and Fiber Quality Traits in 4 × 13 Line × Tester Crosses of Gossypium hirsutum. Euphytica, 153, 87-98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-006-9244-y
Hassan, G., Mahmood, G., Khan, N. and Razzaq, A. (1999) Combining Ability and Heterobeltiotic Estimates in a Diallel Cross of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 15, 563-568.
Muthu, R., Kandasamy, G., Raveendran, T., Ravikesavan, R. and Jayaramachandran, M. (2005) Combining Ability and Heterosis for Yield Traits in Cotton (G. hirsutum). Madras Agricultural Journal, 92, 17-22.
Chinchane, V., Kale, U., Chandankar, G., Chinchane, B. and Sarang, D. (2002) Studies on Combing Ability in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Annals of Plant Physiology, 16, 160-165.
Lukonge, E.P., Labuschagne, M.T. and Herselman, L. (2008) Combining Ability for Yield and Fibre Characteristics in Tanzanian Cotton Germplasm. Euphytica, 161, 383-389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-007-9587-z
Maqbool, A., Zahur, M., Irfan, M., Qaiser, U., Rashid, B., Husnain, T. and Riazuddin, S. (2007) Identification, Characterization and Expression of Drought Related alpha-Crystalline Heat Shock Protein Gene (GHSP26) from Desi Cotton. Crop Science, 47, 2437-2444. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2007.03.0120
Mansoor, S., Amin, I., Iram, S., Hussain, M., Zafar, Y., Malik, K.A. and Briddon, R.W. (2003) Breakdown of Resistance in Cotton to Cotton Leaf Curl Disease in Pakistan. Plant Pathology, 52, 784. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2003.00893.x
Armao, L., Akhtar, S., Tahir, N. and Mansoor, S. (2010) Cotton Leaf Curl Disease in Sindh Province of Pakistan Is Associated with Recombinant Begomovirus Components. Virus Research, 153, 161-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2010.07.003
Sacks, E.J. and Robinson, A.F. (2009) Introgression of Resistance to Reniform Nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) into Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) from Gossypium arboreum and a G. hirsutum/Gossypium aridum Bridging Line. Field Crops Research, 112, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2009.01.006
Mergcai, G., Baudoin, J.P. and Vroh, B.I. (1997) Exploitation of Trispecific Hybrids to Introgress the Glandless Seed and Glanded Plant Trait of Gossypium sturtianum Willis into Gossypium hirsutum L. Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment, 1, 272-277.
Hellmich, R.L., Siegfried, B.D., Sears, M.K., Stanely-Horn, D.E., Daniels, M.J., Mattila, H.R., Spencer, T., Bidne, K.G. and Lewis, L.C. (2001) Monarch Larvae Sensitivity to Bacillus thuringiensis-Purified Proteins and Pollen. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98, 11925-11930. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.211297698
Mendelsohn, M., Kough, J., Vaituzis, Z. and Matthews, K. (2003) Are Bt Crops Safe? Nature Biotechnology, 21, 1003-1009. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0903-1003
Rose, R., Dively, G.P. and Pettis, J. (2007) Effects of Bt Corn Pollen on Honey Bees: Emphasis on Protocol Development. Apidologie, 38, 368-377. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2007022
Lang, S. (2006) Seven-Year Glitch: Cornell Warns That Chinese GM Cotton Farmers Are Losing Money Due to “Secondary” Pests. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/2006/07/bt-cotton-china-fails-reap-profit-after-seven-years
Wang, Z., Lin, H., Huang, J., Hu, R., Rozelle, S. and Pray, C. (2009) Bt Cotton in China: Are Secondary Insect Infestations Offsetting the Benefits in Farmer Fields? Agricultural Sciences in China, 8, 83-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1671-2927(09)60012-2
Carrington, D. (2012) GM Crops Good for Environment, Study Finds. The Guardian.
Lu, Y., Wu, K., Jiang, Y., Guo, Y. and Desneux, N. (2012) Widespread Adoption of Bt Cotton and Insecticide Decrease Promote Biocontrol Services. Nature, 487, 362-365. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11153
Kathage, J. and Qaim, M. (2012) Economic Impacts and Impact Dynamics of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) Cotton in India. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109, 11652-11656. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1203647109
https://cottonaustralia.com.au/
Bourzac, K. (2006) Edible Cotton. MIT Technology Review.
Kalbande, B.B. and Patil, A.S. (2016) Plant Tissue Culture Independent Agrobacterium tumefaciens Mediated In-Planta Transformation Strategy for Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 14, 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgeb.2016.05.003
Herrera-Estrella, L., De Block, M., Messens, E., Hernalsteens, J.P., Van Montagu, M. and Schell, J. (1983) Chimeric Genes as Dominant Selectable Markers in Plant Cells. The EMBO Journal, 2, 987-995. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01532.x
Horsch, R., Fry, J., Hoffman, N., Eichholtz, D., Rogers, S.A. and Fraley, R. (1985) A Simple and General Method for Transferring Genes into Plants. Science, 227, 1229-1231. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.227.4691.1229
Zhang, Y., Zhang, D., Zhong, Y., Chang, X., Hu, M. and Cheng, C. (2017) A Simple and Efficient in Planta Transformation Method for Pommelo (Citrus maxima) Using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Scientia Horticulturae, 214, 174-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2016.11.033
Firoozabady, E., DeBoer, D.L., Merlo, D.J., Halk, E.L., Amerson, L.N., Rashka, K.E. and Murray, E.E. (1987) Transformation of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Regeneration of Transgenic Plants. Plant Molecular Biology, 10, 105-116. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00016148
Chlan, C.A., Lin, J., Cary, J.W. and Cleveland, T.E. (1995) A Procedure for Biolistic Transformation and Regeneration of Transgenic Cotton from Meristematic Tissue. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 13, 31-37. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02668391
Morre, J.L., Permingeat, H.R., Romagnoli, M.V., Heisterborg, C.M. and Vallejos, R.H. (1998) Multiple Shoot Induction and Plant Regeneration from Embryonic Axes of Cotton. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 54, Article No. 131. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006170529397
Mishra R., Wang, H.Y., Yadav, N.Y. and Wilkins, T.A. (2003) Development of a Highly Regenerable Elite Acala Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum cv. Maxxa)—A Step towards Genotype-Independent Regeneration. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 73, 21-35. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022666822274
Ali, M.R., Husnain, T., Hussain, S.S., Mahmood, N. and Riazuddin, S. (2004) Multiple Shoot Regeneration Response of Recalcitrant Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Cultivar CIM-443. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 7, 1371-1375. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2004.1371.1375
Wilkins, T.A., Mishra, R. and Trolinder, N.L. (2004) Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation and Regeneration of Cotton. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 2, 179-187.
Ikram-Ul-Haq (2004) Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) via Vacuum Infiltration. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 22, 279-288. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02773138
Cao, J.-L., Zhang, X.-L., Jin, S.-X., Yang, X.-Y., Zhu, H.-G. and Fu, L.-L. (2008) An Efficient Culture System for Synchronization Control of Somatic Embryogenesis in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Acta Agronomica Sinica, 34, 224-231. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2008.00224
Keshamma, E., Rohini, S., Rao, K.S., Madhusudhan, B. and Kumar, M.U. (2008) Molecular Biology and Physiology Tissue Culture-Independent in Planta Transformation Strategy: An Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Gene Transfer Method to Overcome Recalcitrance in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Journal of Cotton Science, 12, 264-272.
Rech, E.L., Vianna, G.R. and Aragao, F.J. (2008) High-Efficiency Transformation by Biolistics of Soybean, Common Bean and Cotton Transgenic Plants. Nature Protocols, 3, 410-418. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2008.9
Chen, T.-Z., Wu, S.J., Zhao, J., Guo, W.Z. and Zhang, T.-Z. (2010) Pistil Drip Following Pollination: A Simple in Planta Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation in cotton. Biotechnology Letters, 32, 547-555. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-009-0179-y
Amudha, J., Balasubramani, G., Malathi, V.G., Monga, D. and Kranthi, K.R. (2011) Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Resistance Transgenics with Antisense Coat Protein Gene (AV1). Current Science, 101, 300-307.
Sohrab, S.S., Azhar, E.I., Kamal, M.A., Bhattacharya, P.S. and Rana, D. (2014) Genetic Variability of Cotton Leaf Curl Betasatellite in Northern India. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 21, 626-631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.11.006
Bajwa, K.S., Shahid, A.A., Rao, A.Q., Bashir, A., Aftab, A. and Hussain, T. (2015) Stable Transformation and Expression of GhEXPA8 Fiber Expansion Gene to Improve Fiber Length and Micronaire Value in Cotton. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6, 838. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00838
Huang, G., Dong, Y. and Sun, J. (1999) Introduction of Exogenous DNA into Cotton via the Pollen-Tube Pathway with GFP as a Reporter. Chinese Science Bulletin, 44, Article No. 698. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02909705
Ali, A., Bang, S.W., Chung, S.M. and Staub, J.E. (2015) Plant Transformation via Pollen Tube-Mediated Gene Transfer. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 33, 742-747. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-014-0839-5
Zhou, G.Y., Weng, J., Zeng, Y., Huang, J., Qian, S. and Liu, G. (1983) Introduction of Exogenous DNA into Cotton Embryos. Methods in Enzymology, 101, 433-481. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(83)01032-0
Luo, Z. and Wu, R. (1989) A Simple Method for the Transformation of Rice via the Pollen-Tube Pathway. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 7, 69-77. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02669248
Yang, L., Cui, G., Wang, Y., Hao, Y., Du, J., Zhang, H., Wang, C., Zhang, H., Wu, S. and Sun, Y. (2017) Expression of Foreign Genes Demonstrates the Effectiveness of Pollen-Mediated Transformation in Zea mays. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 383. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00383
Hu, C. and Wang, L. (1999) In Planta Soybean Transformation Technologies Developed in China: Procedure, Confirmation and Field Performance. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology, 35, 417-420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-999-0058-1