Influence of Harvest Periods on Cassava (<i>Manihot esculenta</i> Crantz) Agronomic Traits and Physiological Response to Post-Harvest Physiological Deterioration — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Influence of Harvest Periods on Cassava (<i>Manihot esculenta</i> Crantz) Agronomic Traits and Physiological Response to Post-Harvest Physiological Deterioration
Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
,
Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teacher’s Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
,
Applied Biotechnology Engineering Laboratory, Department of Agriculture and Agropastoral, Higher Technical Teacher Training College, University of Ebolowa, Ebolowa, Cameroon
,
Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
,
Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso do Sul-Naviraí, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
,
Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teacher’s Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
,
Plant Physiology and Improvement Unit, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Environment, Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
1 Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
2 Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teacher’s Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
3 Applied Biotechnology Engineering Laboratory, Department of Agriculture and Agropastoral, Higher Technical Teacher Training College, University of Ebolowa, Ebolowa, Cameroon
4 Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
5 Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso do Sul-Naviraí, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
6 Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teacher’s Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
7 Plant Physiology and Improvement Unit, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Environment, Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the third largest source of calories in tropical countries and the sixth most important food crop in the World. However, the short shelf life of its storage roots after harvest due to a rapid post-harvest physiological deterioration (PPD) makes the roots to be considered as a risky product to market. The objectives of this work were to investigate the influence of two harvest periods on cassava agronomic parameters and their physiological response to PPD. Three cassava cultivars 96/1414, I070593 and LMR were selected for the experiment and harvested at 10 and 12 months after planting (MAP). The response to PPD was assessed during storage at 0, 3, 8 and 15 days after harvest (DAH). Total proteins content, soluble sugars and starch, total polyphenols compounds, polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase activities were recorded during storage. Results showed large variation among the parameters at the two harvest periods across the cultivars. High number of tubers was recorded in all the cultivars at 12 MAP and a significant increase in storage roots length was observed in 96/1414 and LMR from 10 MAP to 12 MAP (25 ± 5.1 to 41.3 ± 5.9 and 22.6 ± 3.3 to 27.9 ± 4.8) respectively. A reduction of about 49% of tubers weight was observed in I070593 from 10 to 12 MAP while an increase of about 36% and 11% were recorded in LMR and 96/1414 respectively. Tubers from I070593 showed less susceptibility to PPD when harvested at 10 MAP compared to those from LMR and 96/1414 where less susceptibility to PPD were recorded at 12 MAP. An increase in soluble sugars content, total proteins content and peroxidase activity subsequently to a decrease in starch content were recorded during storage from 8 to 15 days after harvest especially at 10 MAP in I070593 and at 12 MAP in LMR and 96/1414. High content of total phenolic compounds and less activity of polyphenol oxidase were correlated to PPD susceptibility. This work opens a new insight issue of the consideration of the appropriate harvest time of the cultivars as a tool to better control the onset of postharvest physiological deterioration.
Keywords<i>Manihot esculenta</i>Harvest PeriodPost-Harvest DeteriorationAgronomic and Biochemical Parameters
Amarullah, A., Indradewa, D., Yudono, P. and Sunarminto, B.H. (2017) Correlation of Growth Parameters with Yield of Two Cassava Cultivars. Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science), 1, Article 100. https://doi.org/10.22146/ipas.10706
Alves, A.A.C. (2002) Cassava Botany and Physiology. In: Hillocks, R.J., Tresh, J.M. and Bellotti, A.C., Eds., Cassava: Biology, Production and Utilization, CABI Publishing, London, 67-89. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995243.0067
Tolly, L.E. (2013) Enhancing Cassava Marketing and Processing in Cameroon: Drivers, Constraints, and Prospects of Value Chain. In: Elbehri, A., Ed., Rebuilding West Africa’s Food-Potential, FAO/IFAD, 505-535.
Akinbade, S.A., Hanna, R., Nguenkam, A., Njukwe, E., Fotso, A., Doumtsop, A., et al. (2010) First Report of the East African Cassava Mosaic Virus Uganda (EACM-UG) Infecting Cassava (Manihot esculenta) in Cameroon. New Disease Reports, 21, 22. https://doi.org/10.5197/j.2044-0588.2010.021.022
Plumbey, R.A. and Rickard, J.E. (1991) Postharvest Deterioration in Cassava. Tropical Science, 31, 295-303.
Djabou, A.S.M., Carvalho, L.J.C.B., Li, Q.X., Niemenak, N. and Chen, S. (2017) Cassava Postharvest Physiological Deterioration: A Complex Phenomenon Involving Calcium Signaling, Reactive Oxygen Species and Programmed Cell Death. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 39, Article No. 91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-017-2382-0
Owiti, J., Grossmann, J., Gehrig, P., Dessimoz, C., Laloi, C., Hansen, M.B., et al. (2011) ITRAQ-Based Analysis of Changes in the Cassava Root Proteome Reveals Pathways Associated with Post-Harvest Physiological Deterioration. Plant Journal, 67, 145-156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2011.04582.x
Qin, Y., Djabou, M.A.S., An, F., Li, K., Li, Z., Yang, L., et al. (2017) Proteomic Analysis of Injured Storage Roots in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) under Postharvest Physiological Deterioration. PLOS ONE, 12, e0174238. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0174238
Buschmann, H., Reilly, K., Rodriguez, M.X., Tohme, J. and Beeching, J.R. (2000) Hydrogen Peroxide and Flavan-3-ols in Storage Roots of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) during Postharvest Deterioration. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 48, 5522-5529. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000513p
Reilly, K., Gómez-Vásquez, R., Buschmann, H., Tohme, J. and Beeching, J.R. (2004) Oxidative Stress Responses during Cassava Post-Harvest Physiological Deterioration. Plant Molecular Biology, 56, 625-641. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-005-2271-6
Iyer, S., Mattinson, D.S. and Fellman J.K. (2010) Study of the Early Events Leading to Cassava Root Postharvest Deterioration. Tropical Plant Biology, 3, 151-165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12042-010-9052-3
Zidenga, T., Leyva-Guerrero, E., Moon H. Siritunga, D. and Sayre, R. (2012) Extending Cassava Root Shelf Life via Reduction of Reactive Oxygen Species Production. Plant Physiology, 159, 1396-1407. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.200345
Sanchez, T., Chávez A.L., Ceballos, H., Rodriguez-Amaya, D.B., Nestel, P. and Ishitani, M. (2005) Reduction or Delay of Post-Harvest Physiological Deterioration Incassava Roots with Higher Carotenoid Content. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 86, 634-639. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2371
Uarrota, V.G. and Maraschin, M. (2015) Metabolomic, Enzymatic, and Histochemical Analyzes of Cassava Roots during Postharvest Physiological Deterioration. BMC Research Notes, 8, Article No. 648. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-015-1580-3
Vanderschuren, H., Nyaboga, E., Poon, J.S., Baerenfaller, K., Grossmann, J., Hirsch-Hoffmann, M., et al. (2014) Large-Scale Proteomics of the Cassava Storage Root and Identification of a Target Gene to Reduce Postharvest Deterioration. Plant Cell, 26, 1913-1924. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.114.123927
Zainuddin, I.M., Fathoni, A., Sudarmonowati, E., Beeching, J.R., Gruissem, W. and Vanderschuren, H. (2017) Cassava Postharvest Physiological Deterioration: From Triggers to Symptoms. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 145, 115-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2017.09.004
Salcedo, A. and Siritunga, D. (2011) Insights into the Physiological and the Molecular Basis of Postharvest Deterioration in Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Roots. American Journal of Experimantal Agriculture, 1, 414-431. https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEA/2011/784
Luna, J., Dufour, D., Tran, T., Pizarro, M., Calle, F., Dominguez, G.M. et al. (2021) Post-Harvest Physiological Deterioration in Several Cassava Genotypes over Sequential Harvests and Effect of Pruning Prior to Harvest. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 56, 1222-1232. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.14711
Rahmawati, R.S., Khumaida, N., Ardie, S.W., Sukma, D. and Sudarsono (2022) Effet of Harvest Period, Storage and Genotype on Postharvest Physiological Deterioration Responses in Cassava. Biodiversitas, 23, 100-109. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230113
Djabou, A.S.M., Qin, Y., Thaddee, B., Figueiredo, P.G., Feifei, A., Carvalho, L.J.C.B., et al. (2018) Effects of Calcium and Magnesium Fertilization on Antioxidant Activities during Cassava Postharvest Physiological Deterioration. Crop Science, 58, 1385-1392. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2017.09.0526
Hirose, S. (1986) Physiological Studies on Postharvest Deterioration of Cassava Plants. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly, 19, 241-252.
Aristizabal, J. and Sanchez, T. (2007) Technical Guide for the Production and Analysis of Cassava Starch. Bulletin of Agriculture Services of the FAO, Rome, Italy, 134.
Fondong, V.N. and Kegui, C. (2011) Genetic Variability of East African Cassava Mosaic Cameroon Virus under Field and Controlled Environment Conditions. Virology, 413, 275-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2011.02.024
Elegba, W., Appiah, S.A., Azu, E., Afful, N., Agbemavor, K.S.W., Agyei-Amponsah J., et al. (2013) Kenneth Effect of Mosaic Virus Diseases on Dry Matter Content and Starch Yield of Five Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Accessions in Ghana. African Journal of Biotechnology, 12, 4310-4316. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB12.2958
Fews Net (2019) Cameroon Livelihood Zone Map and Descriptions. Fews Net, Washington DC.
Salcedo, A., del Valle, A., Sanchez, B., Ocasio, V., Ortiz, A., Marquez, P. and Siritunga, D. (2010) Comparative Evaluation of Physiological Post-Harvest Root Deterioration of 25 Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Accessions: Visual vs. Hydroxycoumarins Fluorescent Accumulation Analysis. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5, 3138-3144.
Wheatley, C.C. (1982) Studies on Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Root Postharvest Deterioration in Cassava Roots. Ph.D. University of London, United Kingdom.
Xu, J., Xiao, G.D., Yang, J., Beeching, J.R. and Zhang, P. (2013) Enhanced Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging by Overproduction of Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase Delays Postharvest Physiological Deterioration of Cassava Storage Roots. Plant Physiology, 161, 1517-1528. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.212803
Bradford, M.M. (1976) A Rapid and Sensitive Method for the Quantitation of Microgram Quantities of Protein Utilizing the Principle of Protein-Dye Binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72, 248-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
El-Hadrami, I. and Baaziz, M. (1995) Somatic Embryogenesis and Analysis of Peroxidases in Phoenix dactylifera L., Biologia Plantarum, 37, 197-203. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02913210
Van Kammen, A. and Brouwer, D. (1994) Increase in Polyphenoloxidase Activity by a Local Virus Infection in Uninoculated Parts of Leaves. Virology, 22, 9-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6822(64)90042-X
Hansen, J. and Møller, I.B. (1975) Percolation of Starch and Solubles Carbohydrates from Plant Tissue for Quantitative Determination with Anthrone. Analytical Bio-chemistry, 68, 87-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(75)90682-X
Singleton, V. and Rossi, J. (1965) Colorimetry of Total Phebolics with Phosphomolybdic-Phosphotungtic Acid Reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 965, 144-158.
Singleton, V., Orthofer, R. and Lamela-Raventos, R.M. (1999) Analysis of Total Phenols and Others Oxidation Substrates Ans Antioxidant Means of Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent. Methods in Enzymology, 299, 152-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(99)99017-1
Uarrota, V.G., Coelho, B., da Nunes, E.C., Peruch, L.A.M., Enilto de Oliveira, N., Rocha, M. and Maraschin, M. (2014) Metabolomics Combined with chemometric Tools (PCA, HLA, PLS-DA and SVM) for Screening Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Roots during Postharvest Physiological Deterioration. Food Chemistry, 161, 67-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.110
Mulualem, T. (2012) Cassava (Manihot esculenta Cranz) Cultivars and Harvesting Stages Influenced Yield and Yield Related Components. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 2, 122-129.
Onyenwoke, C.A. and Simonyan, K.J. (2014) Cassava Post-Harvest Processing and Storage in Nigeria: A Review. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 9, 3853-3863.
Morante, N., Sànchez, T., Calle, H., Ceballos, F., Pérez, J., Egesi, C.C., et al. (2010) Tolerance to Postharvest Physiological Deterioration in Cassava Roots. Crop Science, 50, 1333-1338. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2009.11.0666
Saravanan, R., Ravi, V., Stephen, R., Thajudhin, S. and George, J. (2016) Post-Harvest Physiological Deterioration of Cassava (Manihot esculenta)—A Review. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 86, 1383-1390.
Uarrota, V.G., Da Costa Nunes, E., Peruch, L.A.M., De Oliveira Neubert, E., Coelho, B., et al. (2016) Toward Better Understanding of Postharvest Deterioration: Biochemical Changes in Stored Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Roots. Food Science and Nutrition, 4, 409-422. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.303
Navarre, D.A., Payyavula, R.S., Shakya, R., Knowles, R.N. and Pillai, S.S. (2013) Changes in Potato Phenylpropanoid Metabolism during Tuber Development. Plant Physiology and Chemistry, 65, 89-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.01.007