Sorghum bicolor is a multi-purpose species adapted to many agroecological zones of Burkina Faso. In the local farming system, different types of sorghum are cultivated together. Such farming conditions could increase gene flow between the different types of sorghum and contribute to the evolution of their main morphological characteristics. Understanding the effect of the farming system on the characteristics of different types of sorghum could contribute to building a strategy for the management of its genetic diversity. A survey and accessions collection was carried out in ten villages selected in two agroclimatic zones of Burkina Faso. A total of 133 accessions were collected and thirty local names were recorded. The results revealed a significant variability within sorghum characteristics based on farmers’ descriptions. Four types of sorghum were identified by farmers based on their uses. These are sweet grain sorghum, grain sorghum, sweet sorghum and dyer sorghum. Most of farmers (54.6%) practised intercropping, and 28.86% of them intercropped several types of sorghum in the same or nearby fields. A high coincidence of the flowering period of the types of sorghum was observed by farmers in both agroclimatic zones. The results also showed that most of the farmers (55.7%) noted changes in the morphological characteristics of different types of sorghum. These variations included the reduction in potential yields and changes in grain taste and colour within the same type. Understanding these variations could help conserve and sustain sorghum genetic resources in Burkina Faso.
MAAH/DGESS (Ministère de l’Agriculture, et des Aménagements Hydrauliques/ Direction Générale des Etudes et des Statistiques Sectorielles) (2017) Résultats définitifs de la campagne agricole 2016-2017 et perspective de la situation alimentaire et nutritionnelle.
Zongo, J.D. (1991) Ressources génétiques des sorghos Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench du Burkina Faso: Evaluation agro-morphologique et génétique. Thèse d’état, Université d’Abidjan, Abidjan, 175 p.
Barro-Kondombo, C.P. (2010) Diversité agromorphologique et génétique de variétés locales de sorgho Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench au Burkina Faso. Eléments pour la valorisation des ressources génétiques locales. Master’s Thesis, Université de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou.
Sawadogo, N., Nebié, B., Kiébré, M., Bationo-Kando, P., Nanema, K.R. and Traoré, R.E. (2014) Caractérisation agromorphologiques des sorghos à grains sucrés Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench du Burkina Faso. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 8, 2183-2197. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v8i5.22
Tiendrebeogo, J. (2020) Performances Agronomiques, potentialités fourragères du sorgho grains sucrés Sorghum bicolor (l.) Moench et relation génétique avec les autres types de sorgho cultives au Burkina Faso. Thèse Unique, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO (Burkina Faso), 162 p.
Nebié, B. (2014) Diversité génétique des sorghos à tige sucrée Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench du Burkina Faso. Master’s Thesis, Université de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou.
Balole, T.V. and Legwaila, G.M. (2006) Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. In: Brink, M. and Belay G., Eds., PROTA 1: Cereals and pulses/Céreales et legumes secs, PROTA, Wageningen.
Nandkangré, H. (2009) Caractérisation agro-morphologique et biochimique de quelques écotypes de sorgho teinturier Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench de la région du Centre-Nord du Burkina Faso. Mémoire de DEA, Université de Ouagadougou.
Djè, Y., Heuertz, M., Ater, M., Lefèbvre, C. and Vekemans, X. (2004) In situ Estimation of Outcrossing Rate in Sorghum Landraces Using Microsatellite Markers. Euphytica, 138, 205-212. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EUPH.0000047082.10626.cb
Schmidt, M. and Bothma, G. (2006) Risk Assessment for Transgenic Sorghum in Africa: Crop-to-Crop Gene Flow in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Crop Science, 46, 790-798. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2005.06-0117
Barnaud, A., Trigueros, G., McKey, D. and Joly, H. (2008) High Outcrossing Rates in Fields with Mixed Sorghum Landraces: How Are Landraces Maintained? Heredity, 101, 445-452. https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2008.77
Ronfort, J., Jenczewski, E. and Muller, M.H. (2005) Les flux de gènes et leur impact sur la structure de la diversité génétique. Le cas des prairies. Fourrages Journal, 182, 275-286.
Slatkin, M. (1987) Gene Flow and the Geographic Structure of Natural Populations. Science, 236, 787-792. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3576198
Gapili, N. (2016) Etude de la diversité génétique et du photopériodisme d’accessions de sorgho grains Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench du Burkina Faso. Master’s Thesis, Université de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou.
Sawadogo, N., Nanema, R.K., Bationo-Kando, P., Traore, R.E., Nebie, B., Tiama, D., Sawadogo, M. and Zongo, J.D. (2014) Évaluation de la diversité génétique des sorghos à grains sucrés Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench du Nord du Burkina Faso. Journal of Applied Biosciences, 84, 7654-7664. https://doi.org/10.4314/jab.v84i1.3
Sawadogo, N. (2015) Diversité génétique des sorghos à grains sucrés Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench du Burkina Faso. Master’s Thesis, Université de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou. https://doi.org/10.4314/jab.v84i1.3
Tondé, W.H., Sawadogo, N., Tiendrebeogo, J., Sawadogo, P. and Sawadogo, M. (2023) Genetic Diversity, Importance and Prospects for Varietal Improvement of Sweet Grain Sorghum In Burkina Faso. International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences, 8, 44-52.
Sawadogo, N., Naoura, G., Ouoba, A., Yaméogo, N., Tiendrebeogo, J. and Ouédraogo, M.H. (2022) Phenotypical Characteristics and Genetic Diversity of Three Types of Sorghum Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Cultivated in Burkina Faso Based on Qualitative Traits. Moroccan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3, 109-116.
Sawadogo, N., Ouédraogo, M.H., Bougma, L.A., Yaméogo, N., Tondé, W.H., Tiendrébéogo, J., Tuina, S., Naoura, G. and Sawadogo, M. (2022) Assessment of Genetic Variability of Three Types of Sorghum Cultivated in Burkina Faso Using Morphoagronomic Quantitative Traits and Brix. In: Çalışkan, M. and Aydin, S., Eds., Genetic Diversity—Recent Advances and Applications, IntechOpen, London, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105984
Tuina S. (2019) Diversité génétique et relation phylogénétique entre cinq types de sorghos cultivés au BURKINA FASO. Master’s Thesis, University De Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou.
Tiendrebéogo, J., Sawadogo, N., Kiébré, M., Kiébré, Z., Tuina, S., Sawadogo, T.A., Nanema, K.R., Traoré, R.E., Ouédraogo, M.H. and Sawadogo, M. (2022) Genetic Relationship between Sweet Grain Sorghum and the Other Sorghum Types Cultivated in Burkina Faso Assessed with Nuclear Microsatellite Markers SSRs. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 13, 872-883. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2022.136058
Mariac, C., Luong, V., Kapran, I., Mamadou, A., Sagnard, F., Deu, M., Chantereau, J., Gerard, B., Ndjeunga, J., Bezançon, G., Pham, J.L. and Vigouroux, Y. (2006) Diversity of Wild and Cultivated Pearl Millet Accessions [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] in Niger Assessed by Microsatellite Markers. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 114, 49-58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-006-0409-9
Vigouroux, Y., Mariac, C., De Mita, S., Pham, J.L., Ge′rard, B., Kapran, I., Sagnard, F., Deu, M., Chantereau, J., Ali, A., Ndjeunga, J., Luong, V., Thuillet, A.C., Saïdou, A.A. and Bezancon, G. (2011) Selection for Earlier Flowering Crop Associated with Climatic Variations in the Sahel. PLOS ONE, 6, e19563. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019563
Lakis, G., Ousmane, A.M., Sanoussi, D., Habibou, A. and Badamassi, M. (2012) Evolutionary Dynamics of Cycle Length in Pearl Millet: The Role of Farmer’s Practices and Gene Flow. Genetica, 139, 1367-1380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-012-9633-1
Kagoné, H. (2000) Gestion durable des écosystèmes paturés en zone nord-soudanienne du Burkina Faso. Master’s Thesis, Faculté universitaire des sciences agronomiques de Gembloux, Gembloux.
Baskar-Rajan, G. (2005) Leafy Vegetables. UKAAZ PUB, Hyderabad.
Kahane, R., Temple, L., Brat, P. and De Bon, H. (2005) Les légumes feuilles des paystropicaux: Diversité, richesse économique et valeur santé dans un contextetrès fragile. In: Parrot, L., Njoya, A., Temple, L., Assogba-Komlan, F., Kahane, R., Ba Diao, M. and Havard, M., Eds., Agricultures et développement urbain en Afrique subsaharienne: Environnement et enjeux sanitaires, L’Harmattan, Paris, 119-129.
Sagnard, F., Deu, M., Dembélé, D., Leblois, R., Touré, L., Diakité, M., Calatayud, C., Vaksmann, M., Bouchet, S., Mallé, Y., Togola, S. and Traoré, P.C.S. (2011) Genetic Diversity, Structure, Gene Flow and Evolutionary Relationships within the Sorghum bicolor Wild-Weedycropcomplex in a Western African Region. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 123, 1231-1246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-011-1662-0
Kabore, T.S. (1991) Study of Some Phenotypic Characters in Dyer Sorghum and Role of Colletotrichum graminicola (ces.) G. W. Wilson in Tannin Production. Mémoire de fin d’étude, ISN-IDR, 141 p.
Missihoun, A.A., Agbangla, C., Adoukonou-Sagbadja, H., Ahanhanzo, C. and Vodouhè, R. (2012) Traditional Management and Status of Sorghum Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Genetic Resources in Northwest Benin. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 6, 1003-1018. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v6i3.8
Baco, M.N., Ahanchedé, A., Bello, S., Dansi, A., Vodouhè, R., Biaou, G. and Lescure, J.P. (2008) Evaluation of Diversity Management Practices in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata): A Experimental Methodological Attempt in Benin. Cahiers Agricultures, 17, 183-188. https://doi.org/10.1684/agr.2008.0169
Dansi, A., Adoukonou-Sagbadja, H. and Vodouhè, R. (2010) Diversity, Conservation and Related Wild Species of Fonio Millet (Digitaria spp.) in the Northwest of Benin. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 57, 827-839. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-009-9522-3
Touré, Y., Koné, M., Silué, S. and Kouadio, Y.J. (2013) Prospecting, Collection and Characterization Agromorphological Morphotypes of Voandzou (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. (Fabaceae) from the Salvaniculture Area in Côte d’Ivoire. European Scientific Journal, 9, 308-325.
Sawadogo, N., Tiendrebéogo, J., Naoura, G., Béré, T.L.K., Tonde, W.H., Sawadogo, B. and Bationo-Kando, P. (2022) Photoperiod Sensitivity and Variability of Agromorphological Traits and Brix Content of Sweet Sorghum Cultivated in Burkina Faso under Two Sowing Dates. Advances in Agriculture, 2022, Article ID: 9504150. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9504150
Tondé, W.H., Sawadogo, N., Tiendrebeogo, J., Boro, O., Sawadogo, P., Kiébré, M., Tiendrébéogo, K.F., Yaméogo, I. and Sawadogo, M. (2023) Planting Date and Genotype Effect on Morpho-Agronomic Traits of Burkina Faso Sweet Grain Sorghum. Plant Science Today, 10, 149-159. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2208
Naoura, G., Emendack, Y., Sawadogo, N., Djirabaye, N., Tabo, R., Laza, H. and Atchozou, E.A. (2023) Assessment of Photoperiod Sensitivity and the Effect of Sowing Date on Dry-Season Sorghum Cultivars in Southern Chad. Agronomy, 13, Article 932. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030932
House, L.R. (1987) Manuel pour la sélection du sorgho. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics.