The COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing lockdowns led to an increase in revenue and production for green industry products in early 2020. An evaluation of fertigation (liquid feed, quick release) and controlled release fertilizers (CRFs, slow release) were applied to container-grown (7 gallon) live oak ( Quercus virginiana ) and Nutall oak ( Quercus nuttallii ) trees (100% Liquid feed, 0% CRF, 67% Liquid feed, 33% CRF, 33% Liquid feed, 67% CRF, 100% Liquid feed, 0% CRF). Live oak trees fertilized with CRFs had increased stem calipers (>30%). Nuttall stem caliper and height were significantly increased by 62% and 58%, respectively, with substrate incorporation of CRFs. Live oak tree height was increased by 35% and stem caliper when CRFs were incorporated.
Landis, T. (1985) Mineral Nutrition as an Index of Seedling Quality. In: Duryea, M., Ed., Evaluating Seedling Quality : Principles , Procedures and Predictive Abilities of Major Tests , Forest Research Laboratory in Oregon State University, 29-48.
Haase, D. and Rose, R. (1997) Nursery Technology Cooperative. Proceedings of the Symposium on Forest Seedling Nutrition from the Nursery to the Field , Corvallis, 28-29 October 1997, 27.
Shaw, T.M., Moore, J.A. and Marshall, J.D. (1998) Root Chemistry of Douglas-Fir Seedlings Grown under Different Nitrogen and Potassium Regimes. Canadian Journal of Forest Research , 28, 1566-1573. https://doi.org/10.1139/x98-136
Grossnickle, S. (2000) Ecophysiology of Northern Spruce Species: The Performance of Planted Seedlings. NRC Research Press.
Hicklenton, P.R., Rodd, V. and Warman, P.R. (2001) The Effectiveness and Consistency of Source-Separated Municipal Solid Waste and Bark Composts as Components of Container Growing Media. Scientia Horticulture , 91, 365-378. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4238(01)00251-5
Obreza, T.A. and Morgan, K.T. (2008) Nutrition of Florida Citrus Trees, Second Edition: SL 253/SS478, rev. 1/2008. EDIS , 2008, 1-100. https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-ss478-2008
Moreira Barradas, J.M., Dida, B., Matula, S. and Dolezal, F. (2018) A Model to Formulate Nutritive Solutions for Fertigation with Customized Electrical Conductivity and Nutrient Ratios. Irrigation Science , 36, 133-142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-018-0569-9
Lamb, R.L. (2003) Fertilizer Use, Risk, and Off-Farm Labor Markets in the Semi-Arid Tropics of India. American Journal of Agricultural Economics , 85, 359-371. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8276.00125
Hogan, R., Stiles, S., Tacker, P., Vories, E. and Bryant, K. (2007) Estimating Irrigation Costs. Little Rock, AR: Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service. FSA28-PD-6-07RV.
Broschat, T.K. (1995) Nitrate, Phosphate, and Potassium Leaching from Container-Grown Plants Fertilized by Several Methods. Hort Science , 30, 74-77. https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.1.74
Wilson, C., Albano, J., Mozdzen, M. and Riiska, C. (2010) Irrigation Water and Nitrate-Nitrogen Loss Characterization in Southern Florida Nurseries: Cumulative Volumes, Runoff Rates, Nitrate-Nitrogen Concentrations and Loadings, and Implications for Management. Hort Technology , 20, 325-330. https://doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.2.325
Vande Hey, J.M. (2007) Production of Conifer Bareroot Seedlings Using Controlled Release Fertilizer. Native Plants Journal , 8, 288-293. https://doi.org/10.2979/npj.2007.8.3.288
Robbins, J. (2005) Slow-Release Fertilizers as Tools. IFA International Workshop on Enhanced - Efficiency Fertilizers , Frankfurt, 28-30 June 2005, 28-39.
Du, C., Zhou, J. and Shaviv, A. (2006) Release Characteristics of Nutrients from Polymer-Coated Compound Controlled Release Fertilizers. Journal of Polymers and the Environment , 14, 223-230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-006-0025-4
Loper, S. and Shober, A. (2012) Soils & Fertilizers for Master Gardeners: Glossary of Soil and Fertilizer Terms. University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.
Trenkel, M. (2010) Slow and Controlled-Release and Stabilized Fertilizers: An Option for Enhancing Nutrient Use Efficiency in Agriculture. International Fertilizer Industry Association (IFA).
Simonne, E.H. and Hutchinson, C.M. (2005) Controlled-Release Fertilizers for Vegetable Production in the Era of Best Management Practices: Teaching New Tricks to an Old Dog. Hort Technology , 15, 36-46. https://doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.1.0036
Chen, J. and Wei, X. (2018) Controlled-Release Fertilizers as a Means to Reduce Nitrogen Leaching and Runoff in Container-Grown Plant Production. In: Amanullah and Fahad, S., Eds., Nitrogen in Agriculture , InTech, 33. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.73055
Pueyo, A. (1992) Aplicación práctica de los fertilizantes de liberación lenta. In: Jiménez Gómez, S., Ed., Fertilizantes de liberación lenta : Tipos , evaluación y aplicaciones , Mundi-Prensa, 127-145.
Hicklenton, P.R. and Cairns, K.G. (1992) Solubility and Application Rate of Controlled-Release Fertilizer Affect Growth and Nutrient Uptake in Containerized Woody Landscape Plants. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science , 117, 578-583. https://doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.4.578
Stellacci, A., Cristiano, G., Rubino, P., De Lucia, B. and Cazzato, E. (2013) Nitrogen Uptake, Nitrogen Partitioning and N-Use Efficiency of Container-Grown Holm Oak ( Quercus ilex L.) under Different Nitrogen Levels and Fertilizer Sources. Journal of Food , Agriculture and Environment , 11, 990-994.
Huett, D.O. and Gogel, B.J. (2000) Longevities and Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Release Patterns of Polymer‐Coated Controlled‐Release Fertilizers at 30°C and 40°C. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis , 31, 959-973. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103620009370490
Rose, R. (2002) Slow-Release Fertilizers 101. In: Dumroese, R.K., Riley, L.E. and Landis, T.D., Eds., National Proceedings of the Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations , 1999-2001, USDA Forest Service, 304-308.
Jacobs, D.F., Rose, R. and Haase, D.L. (2003) Development of Douglas-Fir Seedling Root Architecture in Response to Localized Nutrient Supply. Canadian Journal of Forest Research , 33, 118-125. https://doi.org/10.1139/x02-160
Puértolas, J., Fernandez, M. and Pardos, J. (2000) Effects of Improved Nursery Fertilization in the Use of Aleppo Pine ( Pinus halepensis Mill.) for Afforestation of Abandoned Agricultural Land. In: Hasenauer, H., Ed., Proceedings of the International Conference on Forest Ecosystem Restoration , Ecological and Economics Impacts of Restoration Processes in Secondary Coniferous Forests , University of Agricultural Sciences, 382-383.
Jacobs, D.F., Salifu, K.F. and Seifert, J.R. (2005) Growth and Nutritional Response of Hardwood Seedlings to Controlled-Release Fertilization at Outplanting. Forest Ecology and Management , 214, 28-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.03.053
Sempeho, S.I., Kim, H.T., Mubofu, E. and Hilonga, A. (2014) Meticulous Overview on the Controlled Release Fertilizers. Advances in Chemistry , 2014, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/363071