Analysis of Leaf Pigments in Cultivars and Samples of Phaseolus aureus L.

Abstract

In this study, a quantitative analysis of leaf pigments was performed in various cultivars and accessions of Phaseolus aureus L. originating from different geographical regions. During the research, the contents of chlorophyll “a”, chlorophyll “b”, and carotenoids were determined spectrophotometrically using samples collected from the true leaves. The results showed that chlorophyll “a” had the highest concentration among the investigated pigment types, confirming its dominant role in the photosynthetic process. Chlorophyll “b” levels varied moderately among cultivars; however, no direct evidence was obtained regarding its association with shade-adapted or medium-light growing conditions. Therefore, the observed differences in chlorophyll “b” content are interpreted as cultivar-specific physiological characteristics rather than light-adaptation traits. Carotenoids demonstrated a notable protective function against photo-oxidative stress, with the highest concentrations detected in accessions originating from Afghanistan, China’s Mainland, and Uzbekistan. The findings provide an important scientific basis for evaluating ecological adaptability, photosynthetic activity, and potential productivity of Phaseolus aureus cultivars.