Arachis paraguariensis , a wild peanut species, is a potential experimental system for studying the molecular mechanisms of flowering in the genus Arachis . The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of photoperiod on in vitro reproductive behavior of five genotypes of A. paraguariensis . Day-lengths of 12, 16 and 24 h were tested to monitor in vitro flowering using growth chambers kept at 26?C ± 1?C and 60% ± 5% relative humidity under an illumination of 40 μmol?m–2?s–1. Flowering percentage of plantlets ranged from 35% to 93%, 20% to 75%, and 5% to 53% for 12, 16 and 24 h day-lengths, respectively. Genotype PI 262842 displayed the highest frequency of flowering under all the day-length treatments but in vitro flower bud initiation was delayed. The highest mean flowering percentage of 65% across all the genotypes for plantlets exposed to 12 h photoperiod is indicative that flowering induction actually occurred. The results presented in this paper provide evidence for photoperiodic flowering response as well as the occurrence of short day-length-enhanced flowering in A. paraguariensis .
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