Growth and Yield Responses of Switchgrass Ecotypes to Temperature
- 1 Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, USA.
- 2 Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, USA.
- 3 Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, USA.
Abstract
Varietal differences of switchgrass in growth and development, biomass yield and partitioning in response to tempera ture are not well documented. A study was conducted to quantify the effect of temperature on growth, development, and feedstock quality of switchgrass cultivars, and to determine differences between upland and lowland switchgrass. Two lowland ( “ Alamo ” and “ Kanlow ” ) and two upland ( “ Caddo ” and “ Cave-in-Rock ” ) cultivars of switchgrass were grown in pots filled with pure, fine sand in growth chambers. Four different temperature treatments of 23℃ /15 ℃ , 28 ℃ /20 ℃ , 33 ℃ /25 ℃ , and 38 ℃ /30 ℃ with 14/10 hours day/night were imposed at four leaf stage. High temperature significantly decreased the biomass yield across all cultivars. Stem elongation rate (SER) and leaf elongation rate (LER) decreased at the highest temperature treatment but lowland cultivars had significantly higher SER and LER across the temperature treatments. Upland cultivars produced more tillers across the temperature treatment. Both shoot/root and leaf/stem ra tios increased under the highest temperature in all cultivars, but upland cultivars partitioned more to the leaf and root at higher temperature. Concentration of cellulose decreased at the highest temperature but temperature had no effect o n lignin concentration of leaf and stem biomass. In conclusion, although none of the cultivars studie d showed strong tol erance to high temperature, differences w ere observed for many traits of switchgrass in response to temperature.
- M. A. Sanderson and D. D. Wolf, “Morphological Development of Switchgrass in Diverse Environments,” Agronomy Journal, Vol. 87, No. 5, 1995, pp. 908-915. doi:10.2134/agronj1995.00021962008700050022x
- L. E. Gunter, G. A. Tuskan and S. D. Wullschleger, “Diversity among Populations of Switchgrass Based on RAPD Markers,” Crop Science, Vol. 36, No. 4, 1996, pp. 1017-1022. doi:10.2135/cropsci1996.0011183X003600040034x
- S. D. Wullschleger, M. A. Sanderson, S. B. McLaughlin, D. P. Biradar and A. L. Rayburn, “Photosynthesis Rates and Ploidy Levels among Populations of Switchgrass,” Crop Science, Vol. 36, No. 2, 1996, pp. 306-312. doi:10.2135/cropsci1996.0011183X003600020016x
- C. L. Porter Jr., “An Analysis of Variation between Upland and Lowland Switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L., in Central Oklahoma,” Ecology, Vol. 47, No. 6, 1996, pp. 980-992. doi:10.2307/1935646
- I. C. Madakadze, K. A. Stewart, R. M. Madakadze and D. L. Smith, “BASE temperature for Seedling Growth and Their Correlation with Chilling Sensitivity for Warm-Season Grasses,” Crop Science, Vol. 43, No. 3, 2003, pp. 874-878. doi:10.2135/cropsci2003.0874
- V. G. Kakani and K. R. Reddy, “Temperature Response of C4 Species Big Bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) Is Modified by Growing Carbon Dioxide Concentration,” Environmental and Experimental Botany, Vol. 61, 2007, pp. 281-290. doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.06.002
- J. H. Christensen, B. Hewitson, A. Busuioc, A. Chen, X. Gao, I. Held, R. Jones, R. K. Kolli, W.-T. Kwon, R. Laprise, V. Magaa Rueda, L. Mearns, C. G. Menéndez, J. Räisänen, A. Rinke, A. Sarr and P. Whetton, “Regional Climate Projections,” In: S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H. L. Miller, Eds., Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, and New York, 2007.
- M. K. Das, R. G. Fuentes and C. M. Taliaferro, “Genetic Variability and Trait Relationships in Switchgrass,” Crop Science, Vol. 44, No. 2, 2004, pp. 443-448.
- A. F. Foschiani, F. Miceli and M. Vischi, “Assessing Diversity in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Accessions at Phenotype and Molecular Level: A Preliminary Approach,” Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Vol. 56, No. 4, 2009, pp. 445-453. doi:10.1007/s10722-008-9377-z
- V. G. Kakani, G. K. Surabhi and K. R. Reddy, “Photosynthesis and Fluorescence Responses of C4 Plant Andropogon gerardii Acclimated to Temperature and Carbon Dioxide,” Photosynthetica, Vol. 46, No. 3, 2008, pp. 420-430. doi:10.1007/s11099-008-0074-0