Relation between Amino Acids Profiles and Recalcitrancy of Cell Growth or Salt Tolerance in Tissue and Protoplast Cultures of Three Mangrove Species, <i>Avicennia alba</i>, <i>Bruguiera sexangula</i>, and <i>Sonneratia alba</i> — Oak Academic Publishing
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Relation between Amino Acids Profiles and Recalcitrancy of Cell Growth or Salt Tolerance in Tissue and Protoplast Cultures of Three Mangrove Species, <i>Avicennia alba</i>, <i>Bruguiera sexangula</i>, and <i>Sonneratia alba</i>
Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
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Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama, Japan
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Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
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Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
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Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
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Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
1 Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
2 Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama, Japan
3 Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
4 Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
5 Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
6 Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
Amino acids profiles were investigated in tissues, cultured cells, i.e. callus or suspension cells, and their protoplasts of three mangrove species, Avicennia alba , Bruguiera sexangula , and Sonneratia alba . Original tissues of cultured cells of three mangrove species were cotyledons and hypocotyls, leaves, and cotyledons, respectively. In protoplasts isolated from cultured cells, glutamine and alanine were the major amino acids. Different contents of glycine, proline and serine were observed among protoplasts of three mangrove species. Large differences in the major amino acids were found among cultured cells and their protoplasts while no difference was found between callus and suspension cells independent of additional salt in culture medium. Protoplasts of original tissues, young leaves and cotyledons, contained alanine and glutamine and/or asparagine. In suspension cells of B. sexangula , total contents of amino acids were low while their protoplasts showed similar value as of other samples. Protoplasts of leaf and cotyledons of A. alba and cotyledons of A. lanata , A. marina and S. alba were also investigated. The total contents of amino acids and their profiles might be related to the recalcitrance for the growth and salt tolerance or halophilic nature of cells and basal media used for the maintenance of cell cultures or protoplast cultures of the mangrove species. This is the first report on callus induction from hypocotyls of A. alba .
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