Stress response at the protein level to viral infection in orchid plants has not been extensively investigated to date. To understand the proteomic basis of Phalaenopsis amabilis ’s responses to Cymbidium Mosaic virus (CymMV), and/or Odontoglossum ring spot virus (ORSV), the total proteins were extracted from Phalaenopsis amabilis leaves infected with CymMV, ORSV, or both respectively. Differentially expressed proteins were identified by two-dimensional elec trophoresis, and 27 of these proteins that had significant changes were further examined by mass spectrometry. Com paring CymMV-infected leaves with mock-inoculated ones, 2 proteins were significantly up-regulated, 9 were signifi cantly down-regulated and 1 previously undetected protein was identified. 10 proteins were significantly up-regulated, 3 significantly down-regulated and 1 previously undetected protein was identified in ORSV-infected leaves. 6 proteins were significantly up-regulated and 9 significantly down-regulated proteins were found in co-infected leaves. These identified proteins are involved in disease resistance, stress response, transcriptional regulation, energy metabolism, protein modification and the previously unknown proteins were not involved with know n protein pathways. Proteins s igni f icantly up - regulated were ATP sulfurylase, down - regulated proteins included glutamate decarboxylase isozyme 2, RNA polymerase alpha subunit and chloroplastic peptide deformylase 1A were proteins with similar alteration trend after all infection treatments. Significantly up - regulated were Thioredoxin H-type and down - regulated Cytosolic phosphoglycerate kinase I which were proteins that have been shown to be specifical ly regulated by the infection with CymMV. Significantly up - regulated were proteins like Rubisco large subunit, Triosephosphate isomerase, NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase and Cinnamoyl CoA reductase CCR2 by the infection of ORSV. Protein regulation in co infect ed leaves followed a pattern similar to that of any of the single virus infection results . The <span
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