Crude Extracts of <i>Senna alata</i> (L.) Roxb. Mimics Plant Growth Hormones in Promotion of Vegetative and Reproductive Growth in <i>Celosia argentea</i> L. — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Crude Extracts of <i>Senna alata</i> (L.) Roxb. Mimics Plant Growth Hormones in Promotion of Vegetative and Reproductive Growth in <i>Celosia argentea</i> L.
Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Port Harcourt,Port Harcourt, Nigeria
1 Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Port Harcourt,Port Harcourt, Nigeria
The efficacy of crude extracts of Senna alata in the improvement of vegetative and reproductive growth in Celosia aregentea was investigated. Fresh leaves of S. alata were blended with a homogenizer in 1 litre of distilled water. The resultant green paste was filtered under suction. Different concentrations (75%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 12%, 10%, and 5%) were prepared from the 100% crude extract. Seeds of C. argentea were presoaked in these different concentrations including a control (0%) and planted out after 24 hours. Results obtained showed that seedling height, leaf area, dry weight and leaf area ratio were promoted and enhanced by presoaking seeds in the extract. At the end of the experimental period (six weeks), seedling height in 75% and 100% treatments were 109 ± 16.12 cm and 117 ± 19.32 cm, leaf area 128 ± 17.91 cm 2 and 125 ± 18.12 cm 2 , dry weight 7.48 kg and 7.0 kg respectively. Seedlings raised from seeds presoaked in water (control) however, flowered earlier (8 weeks) than the treatments (10 weeks in 75% and 100%). Presoaking seeds of C. argentea in crude extracts of S. alata before planting is recommended for optimum production of the leafy vegetable. The procedure is cheap and easily implementable by resource-poor farmers who are the main growers of C. argentea.
Hutchinson, J. and Dalziel, J.M. (1954) Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. 1, Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London, 145-147.
Omueti, O. (1980) The Effects of Age on Celosia argentea Cultivars. Experimental Agriculture, 16, 279-286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0014479700011030
Law-Ogbomo, K.E. and Ekunwe, P.A. (2011) Growth and Herbage Yield of Celosia argenteaas Influenced by Plant Density and NPK Fertilization in Degraded Ultisol. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 14, 251-260.
Akinyemi, S.O.S. and Tijani-Eniola, H. (1997) Effects of Cassava Density on Productivity of Plantain and Cassava Intercropping System. Fruits, 50, 17-23.
Tindall, H.D. (1983) Vegetables in the Tropics. Macmillan Press Limited, London, 37-45.
Grubbenand, G.J.H. and Denton, O.A. (2004) Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2 (Vegetables). PROTA Foundation, Wageningen, 167-173.
Leung, T.W., Busson, F. and Jardin, C. (1968) Food Composition Table for Use in Africa. FAO, Rome, 306.
Adeyeye, A.S., Ogunwale, O.A. and Mofikoya, F.A. (2013) Growth, Dry Matter Accumulation and Shoot Yield of Celosia argenteaas Affected by Poultry Manure and Urea Application. International Journal of Agricultural Policy and Research, 1, 210-215.
Bélanger, J., Balakrishna, M., Latha, P., Katumalla, S. and Johns, T. (2010) Contribution of Selected Wild and Cultivated Leafy Vegetables from South India to Lutein and β-Carotene Intake. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 19, 417-424.
Budin, J.T., Breene, W.M. and Putnam, D.H. (1996) Some Compositional Properties of Seeds and Oils of Eight Amaranthus Species. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 73, 475-481.
Chweyaand, J.A. and Eyzaguirre, P.B. (1999) The Biodiversity of Traditional Leafy Vegetables. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), Rome, 15-45.
Denton, O.A. (2004) Celosia argentea L. Record from Protabase. In: Grubben, G.J.H. and Denton, O.A., Eds., PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa/Ressourvesvegetales de I’Afriquetropicale), Wageningen. http://database.prota.org/PROTAhtml/Celosia%20argentea_En.htm
FAO (2004) Food and Agriculture Organisation Statistical Database. http://faostat.fao.org/site/535/default.aspx
Adebolu, T.T. and Oladimeji, S.A. (2005) Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf Extracts of Ocimum gratissmumon Selected Diarrhea Causing Bacteria in South-Western Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 4, 682-684. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJB2005.000-3126
Owoyale, J.A., Olatunji, G.A. and Oguntoye, S.O. (2005) Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities of an Alcoholic Extract of Sennaalata Leaves. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, 9, 105-107.
Olowosuluand, A.K. and Ibrahim, Y.K.E. (2006) Studies on the Antimicrobial Screening of Aqueous Extracts of Five Plants Used in Folk Medicine in Nigeria. West African Journal of Biological Science, 3, 21-26.
Elmahmood, A.M. and Amey, J.M. (2007) In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Parkiabiglobosa (Jacq) Root Bark Extract against Some Microorganisms Associated with Urinary Infections. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6, 1272-1275.
Faruq, Z.U., Rahman, U.A., Bello, M., Obianke, M. and Atiku, F.A. (2010) Antibacterial Activity of the Active Component of Cassia alata Leaves. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 18, 97-100.
Ogunjobi, A.A. and Abiala, M.A. (2013) Antimicrobial Activity of Senna alata and Phyllanthus amarus. Global Journal of Pharmacology, 7, 198-202.
Tsao, R., Romanchuk, F.E., Peterson, C.P. and Coats, J.R. (2002) Plant Growth Regulatory Effect and Insecticidal Activity of the Extracts of the Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima L.). BMC Ecology, 2, 1. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6785/2/1
Roy, J., Shakaya, D.M., Callery, P.S. and Thomas, J.G. (2006) Chemical Constituents and Antimicrobial Activity of a Traditional Herbal Medicine Containing Garlic and Black Cumen. African Journal of Traditional Medicine, 3, 1-7.
Onofeghara, F.A. (1981) Botany in Human Affairs. Inaugural Lectures Series Number 3, University of Port-Harcourt, Port Harcourt.
Agbagwa, I.O., Onofeghara, F.A. and Akonye, L.A. (2002) Effects of the Basic and Acidic Leaf Extracts of Senna alata (L.) Roxb. on the Growth and Flowering of Celosia argentea L. Journal of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Environment, 4, 6-10.
Agbagwa, I.O., Onofeghara, F.A. and Mensah, S.I. (2003) Stimulation of Growth and Development of Celosia argentea L. by Crude Extracts of Senna alata (L.) Roxb. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, 7, 9-13.
Onofeghara, F.A. (1981) The Effects of Growth Substances on the Flowering and Fruiting of Lycopersicum esculentum and Vigna unguiculata. Phytologist, 40, 107-116.
Raskin, I., Ehmann, A., Melander, W.R. and Meeuse, B.J.D. (1987) Salicylic Acid: A Natural Inducer of Heat Production in Arum Lilies. Science, 237, 1600-1602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.237.4822.1601
Davenport, T.L., Pearce, D.W. and Rood, S.B. (2001) Correlation of Endogenous Gibberellic Acid with Initiation of Mango Shoot Growth. Journal of Plant Growth and Regulation, 20, 308-315.
Dokoozlian, N.K. (2001) Gibberellic Acid Applied at Bloom Reduces Fruit Set and Improves Size of “Crimson Seedless” Table Grapes. HortScience, 364, 706-709.
Mensah, S.I. and Agbagwa, I.O. (2004) Breaking Dormancy in Gmelina arborea Roxb. through Treatment of Seeds with Chemical Substances and Alternating Temperature. Journal of Biological Research and Biotechnology, 2, 59-66.
Omran, H. and Semiah, R. (2006) Effects of Paclobutrazol Application Combined Potassium Nitrate and Bicomine Spray on Flowering and Fruiting of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.). Acta Horticulturae, 727, 151-156. http://www.actahort.org/books/727/727_17.htm
Aliyu, O.M., Adeigbe, O.O. and Awopetu, J.A. (2011) Foliar Application of the Exogenous Plant Hormones at Pre-Blooming Stage Improves Flowering and Fruiting in Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.). Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology, 14, 143-150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12892-010-0070-3
Nwalozie, M.C. (1984) The Effects of Cassia alata Leaf Extracts on the Germination, Growth and Flowering of Vigna unguiculata, Arachis hypogea and Sorghum bicolor. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Port-Harcourt, Port Harcourt.
Nwalozie, M.C., Onofeghara, F.A., Ogbonnaya, C.I., Okoro, O. and Madubuike, F.N. (1994) Morphogenetic Variations in Cowpea Leaves in Response to Treatment with Aqueous Extract of Cassia alata (L.). Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants, 2, 33-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J044v02n03_05
Norrie, J. and Keathley, J.P. (2006) Benefits of Ascophyllum nodosum Marineplant Extract Applications to Thompson Seedless Grape Production. ISHS Acta Horticiturea, 71, 22-28.
Chowdhury, M.N.A., Rahim, M.A., Khalequzzaman, K.M., Humavan, M.R. and Alam, M.M. (2007) Effect of Plant Extracts and Time of Application on Incidence of Anthracnose, Yield and Quality of Mango. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production, 2, 59-68.
Osuagwu, G.G.E. and Ibeabuchi, I.C. (2010) The Influence of Aqueous Leaf and Stem Extracts of Adenialobata (Jacq) on the Flowering and Fruiting of Okra (Abelmischus esculenta) and Groundnut (Arachis hypogea). African Journal of Biotechnology, 9, 3260-3263.