To study the genetic diversity and structure of lily ( Lilium L.), we collected 35 samples from Vytautas Magnus University Kaunas Botanical Garden, and analyzed their mutual Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) molecular markers. For genetic analysis of lily we chose the lily 6 markers. ISSR data revealed a relatively high level of genetic diversity at the different levels of the group, with 95% of polymorphic loci, effective number of alleles of 1.21, the average expected heterozygosis of 0.15 and Shannon’s information index of 0.26. ANOVA analysis and UPGMA-dendrogram suggested a hierarchical structure between species.
Jefferson-Brown, M.J. and Howland, H. (1995) The Gardener’s Guide to Growing Lilies. Timber Press, Portland.
Wen, C.S. and Hsiao, J.Y. (2001) Altitudinal Genetic Differentiation and Diversity of Taiwan Lily (Lilium longiflorum var. formosanum; liliaceae) Using RAPD Markers and Morphological Characters. International Journal of Plant Science, 162, 287-295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/319588
Arzate-Fernández, A.M., Miwa, M., Shimada, T., Yonekura, T. and Ogawa. K. (2005) Genetic Diversity of Miyamasukashi-Yuri (Lilium maculatum Thunb. var. bukosanense), an Endemic and Endangered Species at Mount Buko, Saitama, Japan. Plant Species Biology, 20, 57-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.2005.00124.x
Varkuleviciene, J. and Marseliene, R. (2010) Specific Lilies Use in Green Plantation. Journal name, 1, 208-213. http://www.krastotvarka.vhost.lt/documents/2010_35.pdf
Beata, P. (2007) RAPD-Molecular Marker in Detection of Hybrids la Hybrids. Scientific Works of the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture and Lithuanian University of Agriculture, 26, 246-250
Guo, W., Wang, R., Zhou, S., Zhang, S. and Zhang, Z. (2003) Genetic Diversity and Clonal Structure of Phragmites austral is in the Yellow River Delta of China. Biochemistry Systematic and Ecology, 31, 1093-1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00032-2
Stevens, L., Salomon, B. and Sun, G.L. (2007) Microsatellite Variability and Heterozygote Excess in Elymus trachycaulus Populations from British Columbia in Canada. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 35, 725-736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2007.05.017
Yahiaoui, S., Igartua, E., Moralejo, M., Ramsay, L., Molina-Cano, J.L., Ciudad, F.J., Lasa, J.M., Gracia, M.P. and Casas, A.M. (2008) Patterns of Genetic and Eco Geographical Diversity in Spanish Barleys. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 116, 271-282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-007-0665-3
Luan, S.S., Chiang, T.Y. and Gong, X. (2006) High Genetic Diversity vs. Low Genetic Differentiation in Nouelia insignis (Asteraceae), a Narrowly Distributed and Endemic Species in China, Revealed by ISSR Fingerprinting. Annals of Botany, 98, 583-589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcl129
Balode, A. (2013) Diversity of the Martagon Lily (Lilium martagon L.) in Latvia. In: Scripta Horti Botanici Universitatis Vytauti Magni, VDU, Kaunas, 17, 25-35.
Pounders, C.T., Rinehart, T. and Sakhanokho, H. (2007) Evaluation of Interspecific Hybrids between Lagerstroemia indica and Lagerstroemia speciosa. HortScience, 42, 1317-1322.
Wadl, P.A., Skinner, J.A., Dunlap, J.R., Rees, S.M., Rinehart, T.A., Pantalone, V.R. and Trigiano, R.N. (2009) Honeybee-Mediated Controlled Pollination in Cornus florida and C. kousa Intra and Interspecific Crosses. HortScience, 44, 1527-1533.
Dean, D., Wang, X., Klingeman, W.E. and Ownley, B.H. (2011) Screening and Characterization of 11 Novel Microsatellite Markers from Viburnum dilatatum. HortScience, 46, 1456-1459.
Gismondi, A., Fanali, F., Martínez Labarga, J.M., Grilli Caiola, M. and Canini, A. (2013) Crocus sativus L. Genomics and Different DNA Barcode Applications. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 299, 1859-1863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00606-013-0841-7
Gismondi, A., Impei, S., Di Marco, G., Crespan, M., Leonardi, D. and Canini, A. (2014) Detection of New Genetic Profiles and Allelic Variants in Improperly Classified Grapevine Accessions. Genome, 57, 111-118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2013-0218
Archak, S., Gaikwad, A.B., Gautam, D., Rao, E.V.V.B., Swamy, K.R.M. and Karihaloo, J.L. (2003) DNA Fingerprinting of Indian Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Varieties Using RAPD and ISSR Techniques. Euphytica, 130, 397-404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023074617348
Deshpande, A.U., Apte, G.S., Bahulikar, R.A., Lagu, M.D., Kulkarni, B.G., Suresh, H.S., Singh, N.P., Rao, M.K.V., Gupta, V.S., Pant, A. and Ranjekar, P.K. (2001) Genetic Diversity across Natural Populations of Three Montane Plant Species from the Western Ghats, India Revealed by Intersimple Sequence Repeats. Molecular Ecology, 10, 2397-2408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01379.x
Knox, E.B. and Palmer, J.D. (1999) The Chloroplast Genome Arrangement of Lobelia thuliniana (Lobeliaceae): Expansion of the Inverted Repeat in an Ancestor of the Companulales. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 214, 49-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985731
Gabrielsen, T.M. and Brochmann, C. (1998) Sex after All: High Levels of Diversity Detected in the Arctic Clonal Plant Saxifraga cernua Using RAPD Markers. Molecular Ecology, 7, 1701-1708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00503.x
Wolfe, A.D., Xiang, Q. and Kephart, S.R. (1998) Assessing Hybridization in Natural Populations of Penstemon (Scrophulariaceae) Using Hypervariable Intersimple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) Bands. Molecular Ecology, 7, 1107-1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00425.x
Nevo, E. (1998) Genetic Diversity in Wild Cereals: Regional and Local Studies and Their Bearing on Conservation ex Situ and in Situ. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 45, 355-370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008689304103
Kölliker, R., Herrmannm, D., Boller, B. and Widmer, F. (2003) Swiss Mattenklee Landraces, a Distinct and Diverse Genetic Resource of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 107, 306-315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-003-1248-6
Yamagishi, M., Abe, H., Nakano, M. and Nakatsuka, A. (2002) PCR-Based Molecular Markers in Asiatic Hybrid Lily. Scientia Horticulturae, 96, 225-234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(02)00095-X
Guo, W., Jeong, J., Kim, Z., Renqing, W., Kim, E. and Kim, S. (2011) Genetic Diversity of Lilium tsingtauense in China and Korea Reveals by ISSR Markers and Morphological Characters. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 39, 352-360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2011.05.002
Abe, H., Nakano, M., Nakatsuka, A., Nakayama, M., Koshioka, M. and Yamagishi, M. (2002) Genetic Analysis of Floral Anthocyanin Pigmentation Traits in Asiatic Hybrid Lily Using Molecular Linkage Maps. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 105, 1175-1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-002-1053-7
Nei, M. (1973) Analysis of Gene Diversity in Subdivided Populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 70, 3321-3323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.70.12.3321
Peakall, R. and Smouse, P.E. (2006) Genalex 6: Genetic Analysis in Excel. Population Genetic Software for Teaching and Research. Molecular Ecology Notes, 6, 288-295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01155.x
Nei, M. and Li, W.H. (1979) Mathematical Model for Studying Genetic Variation in Terms of Restriction Endonucleases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 76, 5269-5273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.76.10.5269
Escudero, A., Iriondo, J.M. and Torres, M.E. (2003) Spatial Analysis of Genetic Diversity as a Tool for Plant Conservation. Biological Conservation, 113, 351-365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00122-8