Biodiversity in a Tomato Germplasm for Free Amino Acid and Pigment Content of Ripening Fruits
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
Abstract
Free amino acid and pigment composition in fruits at two ripening stages from a selected tomato germplasm was stu-died. The aims were contributing to knowledge on variability of ripening metabolism and identifying more consis-tently the genetic background of the plant material under analysis. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found among ripening stages and among genotypes within ripening stage for all amino acids and pigments except by asparagine, alanine and chlorophyll b contents. The highest relative amino acid content corresponded to glutamate, glutamine, and GABA though some genotypes had relatively high asparagine content. Glutamate, glutamine and GABA performed oppositely: the former increased along ripening while the latter two decreased in their relative content. A Principal Components (PC) analysis was applied, determining that metabolites having the greatest contribution to general variability were threonine, serine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lycopene and beta- carotene, which showed the highest association with PC1. Alanine and chlorophylls a and b were highly associated to PC2. These two first PC explained the 62% of the total variation, and genotypes were distributed according to the ripening stage in their coordinates. Accordingly, a Hierarchical Clustering resulted in a dendrogram having a relatively high cophenetic correlation (0.70), in which two well defined groups were obtained according to ripening stage. These results verified the existence of variability in the metabolism of ripening fruit for amino acids and pigments, and allowed to identify unequivocally a set of selected tomato germplasm according to the fruit metabolic profiles in these two ripening stages.
- J. J. Giovannoni “Genetic regulation of fruit development and ripening”, Plant Cell, Vol. 16, September 2004, pp. 170-180 (Supplement).
- E. M. Valle, S. B. Boggio and H. W. Heldt, “Free amino acids composition of phloem sap and growing fruit of Lycopersicon esculentum”, Plant Cell Physiology, Vol. 39, June 1998, pp. 458-461.
- S. Bortolotti, S. B. Boggio, L. Delgado, E. G. Orellano and E.M. Valle, “Different induction patterns of glutamate metabolising enzymes in ripening fruits of the tomato mutant green flesh”, Physiologia Plantarum, Vol. 119, May 2003, pp. 384-391.
- S. B. Boggio, J. F. Palatnik, H. W. Heldt and E. M. Valle, “Changes in the aminoacid composition and nitrogen metabolizing enzymes in ripening fruits of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.”, Plant Science, Vol. 159, March 2000, pp. 125-133.
- G. R. Rodríguez, G. R. Pratta, D. R. Liberatti, R. Zorzoli and L.A. Picardi, “Inheritance of fruit shelf life and other tomato fruit quality traits estimated from crosses and backcrosses of selected parents”, Euphytica, Vol. 176, July 2010, pp. 137-147.
- G. Pratta, R. Zorzoli, S. B. Boggio, L. A. Picardi and E. M. Valle, “Glutamine and glutamate levels and related metabolizing enzymes in tomato genotypes with different shelf-life”, Scientia Horticulturae, Vol. 100, April 2004, pp. 341-347.
- J. A. Labate, S. Grandillo, T. Fulton, S. Mu?os, A. L. Caicedo, I. Peralta, Y. Ji, R. T. Chetelat, J. W. Scout, M. J. Gonzalo, D. Francis, W. Yang, E. van der Knaap, A. M. Baldo, B. Smith-White, L. A. Mueller, J. P. Prince, N. E. Blanchard, D. V. Storey, M. R. Stevens, M. D. Robbins, J. F. Wang, B. E. Liedl, M. A. O’Connell, J. R. Stommel, K. Auki, Y. Iijima, A. J. Slade, S. R. Hurst, D. Loeffler, M. N. Steine, D. Vafeados, C. McGuire, C. Freeman, A. Amen, J. Goodstal, D. Facciotti, J. van Eck and M. Causse
- N. Schauer, D. Zamir and A. Fernie, “Metabolic profiling of leaves and fruits of wild species tomato: a survey of the Solanum lycopersicum complex”, Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 56, April 2005, pp. 297-307 (Special Issue).
- R. Zorzoli, G. Pratta y L. A. Picardi, “Variabilidad para la vida postcosecha y el peso de los frutos en tomate para familias F3 de un híbrido interespecífico”, Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, Vol. 35, November 2000, pp. 2423-2427.
- G. R. Rodriguez, G. R. Pratta, R. Zorzoli and L. A. Picardi, “Recombinant lines obtained from an interspecific cross among Lycopersicon species selected by fruit weight and fruit shelf life”, Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, Vol. 131, October 2006, pp. 651-656.