A Rice GRAS Gene Has an Impact on the Success of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is one of the most spread symbiosis established between 80% of land plants and soil fungi belonging to the Glomeromycota. Molecular determinants involved in the formation of arbuscular mycorrhizas are still poorly understood. It has been demonstrated that in both Legumes and rice plants, several GRAS transcription factors are directly involved in both mycorrhizal signaling and colonization, namely NSP1, NSP2, RAM1, DELLA, DELLA-interacting protein (DIP1) and RAD1. Here, we focused on a rice GRAS protein, named <i> Arbuscular Mycorrhizal </i> 18 ( <i> OsAM18 </i> ), previously identified as specifically expressed in rice mycorrhizal roots, and considered as an AM-specific gene. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that OsAM18 had a peculiar amino acid sequence, which clustered with putative SCARECROW proteins, even though it formed a separate branch. Allelic <i> osma18 </i> mutant displayed a drastic reduction in mycorrhizal colonization in-tensity and in arbuscule abundance, as mirrored by <i> OsPT11 </i> expression level. Non-mycorrhizal <i> osam18 </i> plants displayed a comparable plant development and root apparatus compared with the WT, while mycorrhizal <i> osam18 </i> mutants showed a reduction of plant biomass compared with mycorrhizal WT plants. The results suggest that OsAM18 is a rice protein, which is likely to have an impact not only on the colonization process and AM functionality, but also on the systemic effects of the AM symbiosis.