Evaluation of Preemergence Herbicides for Crop Safety and Weed Control in Safflower
- 1 Southern Agricultural Research Center, Department of Research Centers, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
- 2 Southern Agricultural Research Center, Department of Research Centers, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
- 3 Southern Agricultural Research Center, Department of Research Centers, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
- 4 Southern Agricultural Research Center, Department of Research Centers, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
Abstract
Weed management in safflower ( <i> Carthamus tinctorious </i> L.) is a major challenge for growers due to very limited herbicide options available, particularly for broadleaf weed control. Field experiments were conducted at the Montana State University Southern Agricultural Research Center (MSU-SARC) near Huntley, MT in 2015 and 2016 to evaluate preemergence (PRE) soil-residual herbicides for crop safety and season-long broadleaf weed control in safflower. Among all herbicide programs tested, only sulfentrazone (105 g · ai · ha - 1 ) alone or with pendimethalin (1064 g · ai · ha - 1 ) caused 4 % to 12% early-season visible injury to safflower, although the injury was not evident beyond 30 DAT. Sulfentrazone alone or with pendimethalin and pyroxasulfone (59 g · ai · ha - 1 ) with pendimethalin had a season-long residual activity on kochia [ <i> Kochia sco paria </i> (L.) Schrad] and Russian-thistle ( <i> Salsola tragus </i> L), with 89 % to 99% control at 60 DAT, and up to 98% reduction in weed density compared with dimethenamid-P (213 g · ai · ha - 1 ) and <i> S </i> -metolachlor (433 g · ai · ha - 1 ) at 65 DAT. Pyroxasulfone (59 or 118 g · ai · ha - 1 ) alone or dimethenamid-P with pendime thalin provided a moderat e to good control (65 % to 79% at 60 DAT) of ko chia and Russian-thistle. However, the end-season control of kochia or Rus sian-thistle was inadequate (<50% control) with pendimethalin, dimethenamid-P, or <i> S </i> -metolachlor alone program. Safflower grain yield with sulfentrazone alone or with pendimethalin, pyroxasulfone alone or with pendimethalin, and dimethenamid-P with pendimethalin averaged 3559 kg · ha - 1 , which was 195% higher compared with the nontreated check. In conclusion, sulfentrazone and pyroxasulfone or dimethenamid-P in combination with pendi methalin will be effective PRE herbicide programs for kochia and Rus sian-thistle control in safflower.
- Bergman, J. and Kandel, H. (2013) Safflower Production-A870. NDSU Extension Service, Fargo. https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/publications/landing-pages/crops/safflower-production-a-870
- Martin, J.H., Leonard, W.H. and Stamp, D.L. (1976) Safflowers. Pages 1977-1980 in Principles of Field Crop Production. MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc., New York.
- Anderson, R.L. (1985) Chlorsulfuron for Weed Control in Safflower (Carthamustinctorius). Weed Science, 33, 840-842.
- Anderson, R.L. (1987) Broadleaf Weed Control in Safflower (Carthamustinctorius) with Sulfonylurea Herbicides. Weed Technology, 1, 242-246.
- USDA-NASS (United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service) (2017) Montana Agricultural Facts 2016. USDA-NASS, Helena. https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/Montana/Publications/Special_Interest_ Reports/agfacts.pdf
- Blackshaw, R.E., Muendel, R.H. and Derksen, D.A. (1990) Herbicides for Weed Control in Safflower (Carthamustinctorius). Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 70, 237-245. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps90-026
- Zollinger, R., Christoffers, M., Endres, G., Dalley, C., Endres, G., Gramig, G., Howatt, K., Jenks, B., Keene, C., Lym, R., Ostlie, M., Peters, T., Robinson, A., Thostenson, A. and Valenti, H.H. (2017) North Dakota Weed Control Guide. W-253. NDSU Extension Service, Fargo. https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/weeds/weed-control-guides/nd-weed-control-guide-1
- Helm, J.L., Riveland, N., Schneiter, A.A. and Sobolik, F. (1985) Safflower Production. Crop Extension Service, North Dakota State University, Fargo.
- Anonymous (2005) Outlook® Herbicide Product Label. BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC, 18.
- Bollman, S.L. and Sprague, C.L. (2007) Optimizing S-Metolachlor and Dimethenamid-P in Sugar Beet Microrate Treatments. Weed Technology, 21, 1054-1063. https://doi.org/10.1614/WT-07-068.1
- Friesen, G.H. (1986) Broadleaved Weed Control in Safflower. Research Report, Expert Committee on Weeds, Western Canada Section Meeting, 358.
- Blackshaw, R.E., Morrison, R.J., Muendel, R.H. and Roth, B.T. (1992) Weed Control in Safflower (Carthamustinctorius) by Flurtamone. Weed Science, 40, 110-114.
- Heap, I.M. (2017) The International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds. http://www.weedscience.org
- Jha, P., Kumar, V., Garcia, J. and Reichard, N. (2015) Tank Mixing Pendimethalin with Pyroxasulfone and Chloroacetamide Herbicides Enhances In-Season Residual Weed Control in Corn. Weed Technology, 29, 198-206. https://doi.org/10.1614/WT-D-14-00095.1