Observations of the Germination Behavior of <i>Tilletia indica</i> Teliospores on the Soil Surface under Varying Simulated Environmental Conditions — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Observations of the Germination Behavior of <i>Tilletia indica</i> Teliospores on the Soil Surface under Varying Simulated Environmental Conditions
USDA ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research UnitFort, Detrick, USA
,
USDA ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research UnitFort, Detrick, USA
,
USDA-ARS-North Atlantic Area, Wyndmoor, USA
1 USDA ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research UnitFort, Detrick, USA
2 USDA ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research UnitFort, Detrick, USA
A series of replicated growth chamber studies were conducted to determine the effects of soil type and simulated European temperature conditions from fall planting to anthesis in Hungary, United Kingdom, Italy and Norway on the initiation of Tilletia indica teliospore germination on the soil surface. A concurrent study examined effects on teliospore germination of a simulated temperature profile for Ciudad Obregon, Mexico, where Karnal bunt is known to occur. Three soil moisture treatments were tested; 40.5% water holding capacity (WHC), 16.2% WHC and weekly fluctuation of soil WHC. Results suggest that soil type would not have a significant effect on germination during the cropping season. Under all conditions tested, some portion of the teliospore population remained dormant but viable throughout the entire season. In comparing Mexican and Hungarian temperature profiles, highest soil surface germination for the Hungarian profile was at 40.5% WHC during the first 30 days of the simulation (30 days after planting date). The highest germination for the Mexican profile was at the 16.2% WHC during the last 30 days of the study (time of anthesis).
Bonde, M.R., Peterson, G.L., Schaad, N.W. and Smilanick, J.L. (1997) Karnal bunt of Wheat. Plant Disease, 81, 1370-1377. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.12.1370
Sansford, C.E. (1998) An Assessment of the Significance of the Initial Detection of Tilletia indica Mitra in the USA in Early 1996 and the Potential Risk to the United Kingdom [and the European Union]. In: Malik, V.S. and Mathre, D.E., Eds., Bunts and Smuts of Wheat: An International Symposium, North American Plant Protection Organization, Ottawa, 273-302.
Warham, E.J. (1986) Karnal Bunt Disease of Wheat: A literature Review. Tropical Pest Management, 32, 229-242. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670878609371068
Torarbi, M., Mardoukhi, V. and Jalaiani, N. (1996) First Report on the Occurrence of Partial Bunt on Wheat in the Southern Parts of Iran. Seed and Plant, 12, 8-9.
Duran, R. (1972) Further Aspects of Teliospore Germination in North American Smut Fungi II. Canadian Journal of Botany, 50, 2569-2573. https://doi.org/10.1139/b72-329
Da Luz, W.C., Mendes, M.A.S., Ferreira, M.A.S.V. and Urben, A.F. (1993) Tilletia indica on Wheat in the South of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and Measures for Eradication. Fitopatologica Brasileira, 18, S329.
Crous, P.W., Van Jaarsveld, A.B., Castlebury, L.A., Carris, L.M., Frederick, R.D. and Pretorius, Z.A. (2001) Karnal Bunt of Wheat Newly Reported from the African Continent. Plant Disease, 85, 561. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.5.561B
Ykema, R.E., Floyd, J.P., Palm, M.E. and Peterson, G.L. (1996) First Report of Karnal Bunt of Wheat in the United States. Plant Disease, 80, 1207. https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-80-1207B
Joshi, L.M., Singh, D.V., Srivastava, K.D. and Wilcoxson, R.D. (1983) Karnal Bunt: A Minor Disease That in Now a Threat to Wheat. The Botanical Review, 49, 309-330. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02861085
Babadoost, M., Mathre, D.E., Johnston, R.H. and Bonde, M.R. (2004) Survival of Teliospores of Tilletia indica in Soil. Plant Disease, 88, 56-62. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.1.56
Bonde, M.R., Nester, S.E., Khayat, A., Smilanick, J.L., Frederick, R.D. and Schaad, N.W. (1999) Comparison of Effects of Acidic Electrolyzed Water and NaOCl on Tilletia indica Teliospore Germination. Plant Disease, 83, 627-632. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.1999.83.7.627
Bonde, M.R., Nester, S.E., Olsen, M. and Berner, D.K. (2004) Survival of Tilletia in dica Teliospores in Arizona Field Soils. Plant Disease, 88, 804-810. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.8.804
Peterson, G.L., Leth, V., Thinggaard, K. and Sansford, C.E. (2006) Report on Teliospore Dormancy and Germination under a Range of Abiotic Conditions, Interpreting the Results in Relation to European Conditions and Predicting the Likely Timing of Teliospore Germination in Europe. EU ‘Karnal Bunt Risks’ Project, Deliverable Report 4.1. http://karnalpublic.pestrisk.net/deliverables
Melching, J.S., Bromfield, K.R. and Kingsolver, C.H. (1983) The Plant Pathogen Containment Facility at Frederick, Maryland. Plant Disease, 67, 717-722. https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-67-717
Sansford, C., Baker, R., Brennan, J., Ewert, F., Gioli, B., Inman, A., Kelly, P., Kinsella, A., Leth, V., Magnus, H., Migietta, F., Murray, G., Peterson, G., Pota-Puglia, A., Porter, J., Refoss, T., Riccioni, L., Thorne, F. and Valvassori, M. (2006) Report on the Risk of Entry, Establishment and Socio-Economic Loss for Tilletia indica in the European Union (DL6.1) and Determination and Report on the Most Appropriate Risk Management Scheme for Tilletia indica in the EU in Relation to the Assessed Level of Risk (DL6.5). EC Fifth Framework Project QLK5-1999-01554: Risks Associated with Tilletia indica, the Newly-Listed EU Quarantine Pathogen, the Cause of Karnal Bunt of Wheat, Deliverable Reports 6.1 and 6.5. http://karnalpublic.pestrisk.net/deliverables
Bonde, M.R., Peterson G.L., Fuentes-Davila, G., Aujla, S.S., Nanda, G.S. and Phillips, J.G. (1996) Comparison of the Virulence of Isolates of Tilletia indica: Causal Agent of Karnal Bunt of Wheat, from India, Pakistan, and Mexico. Plant Disease, 80, 1071-1074. https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-80-1071
Harding, D.E. and Ross, D.J. (1964) Some Factors in Low-Temperature Storage Influencing the Mineralisable Nitrogen of Soils. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 15, 829-834. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740151203
Rattan G.S. and Aulja S.S. (1992) Ecology of Germination of the Teliospore of Karnal Bunt Pathogen (Neovossia indica). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 62, 228-231.
USDA (1994) Major World Crop Areas and Climatic Profiles, Agricultural Handbook, No. 664. World Agricultural Outlook Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Inman, A., Magnus, H.A., Riccioni, L., Hughes, K., Coates, M., Barnes, A., Barton, V., Sansford, C.E., Valvassori, M., Di Giambattista, G., Porta-Puglia, A., Razzaghian, J. and Peterson, G.L. (2008) Survival of Tilletia indica Teliospores under European Soil Conditions. Plant Pathology, 57, 290-300. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2007.01766.x
AnalystSoft Inc. (2013) StatPlus 5.4. AnalystSoft Inc., Alexandria, VA.
SAS Institute Inc. (2008) SAS/STAT 9.2 User’s Guide. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
Kumar, J., Saharan, M.S., Sharma, A.K. and Nagarajan, S. (2003) Effect of Temperature on Teliospore Germination in Tilletia indica under Simulated Conditions and Its Relevance in Pest Risk Analysis in Wheat. Indian-Phytopathology, 56, 14-21.
Mavi, H.S., Jhorar, O.P., Sharma, I., Singh, G.,Mahi, G.S., Mathauda, S.S. and Aujla, S.S. (1992) Forecasting Karnal Bunt Disease of Wheat—A Meteorological Method. Cereal Research Communications, 20, 67-74.