Spatial Organisation Influences Citrus <i>Pseudocercospora</i> Leaf and Fruit Spot Disease Severity in Cocoa-Based Agroforestry Systems — Oak Academic Publishing
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Spatial Organisation Influences Citrus <i>Pseudocercospora</i> Leaf and Fruit Spot Disease Severity in Cocoa-Based Agroforestry Systems
Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Regional Agricultural Research Centre of Nkolbisson, Nkolbisson, Cameroon
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Université de Yaoundé 1, Département de Biologie et Physiologie Végétale, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Université de Yaoundé 1, Département de Biologie et Physiologie Végétale, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Regional Agricultural Research Centre of Nkolbisson, Nkolbisson, Cameroon
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CIRAD, UPR Bioagresseurs, Montpellier, France
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Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Regional Agricultural Research Centre of Nkolbisson, Nkolbisson, Cameroon
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UMR Agronomie, INRA-AgroParisTech, Thiverval-Grignon, France
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CIRAD, UMR SYSTEM, Montpellier, France
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CATIE, Programa BOSQUES, BIODIVERSIDAD YCAMBIO CLIMATICO, Turrialba, Costa Rica
1 Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Regional Agricultural Research Centre of Nkolbisson, Nkolbisson, Cameroon
2 Université de Yaoundé 1, Département de Biologie et Physiologie Végétale, Yaoundé, Cameroon
3 Université de Yaoundé 1, Département de Biologie et Physiologie Végétale, Yaoundé, Cameroon
4 Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Regional Agricultural Research Centre of Nkolbisson, Nkolbisson, Cameroon
5 CIRAD, UPR Bioagresseurs, Montpellier, France
6 Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Regional Agricultural Research Centre of Nkolbisson, Nkolbisson, Cameroon
7 UMR Agronomie, INRA-AgroParisTech, Thiverval-Grignon, France
8 CIRAD, UMR SYSTEM, Montpellier, France
9 CATIE, Programa BOSQUES, BIODIVERSIDAD YCAMBIO CLIMATICO, Turrialba, Costa Rica
An investigation to assess the spatial structure and severity of Pseudocercospora leaf and fruit spot disease (PLFSD) on citrus trees in cocoa-based agroforests was carried out in three contrasting ecological zones in southern Cameroon, viz: 1) the humid forest zone, 2) the degraded forest zone, and 3) the forest-savannah transition zone. Two main parameters were investigated viz: 1) the spatial structure of cocoa based agroforests, and 2) the disease severity. In total, the spatial structure of 19 cocoa-based agroforests was analysed using the Ripley K(r) function, meanwhile the collection of epidemiological data that consisted of noting the presence of PLFSD spots on leaves and fruits on 438 citrus trees was used to characterise the severity of the disease. Results showed that, the spatial structure of citrus trees in these agroforests investigated were regular in seven plots, random in nine, and aggregated in three. Aggregated plots presented a significantly higher mean of disease severity on leaves and fruits (28.55 and 30.37 respectively), as compared to randomised (20.91 and 16.32 respectively) and regular plots (16.28 and 14.97 respectively), at P-value < 0.05. These results suggest that the spatial structure of citrus trees in the cocoa-based agroforests studied influences the severity of PFLSD. Proper integrated control measures can therefore be initiated, leading to a considerable reduction of the use of manufactured inputs, and thereby, the cost of production of citrus fruits.
KeywordsAggregated Spatial StructureRipley FunctionAgroecological Management of Disease<i>Pseudocercospora angolensis</i>Cocoa-Based AgroforestsCitrus
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