A study was conducted to screen out the low-temperature tolerant Boro rice seedlings from November 2012 to January 2013 for facing the upcoming rice production challenge in Northwest Bangladesh. The experimental time was characterized by a prevailing low environmental temperature of below 15 °C . Five rice cultivars (V1: BR-2; V2: BR-16; V3: Pariza; V4: Minicate; V5: BRRI dhan 50) were selected for the study. The leaf proline, chlorophyll content and total carotenoid content were investigated. The V2 (BR-16) seedling synthesized the higher leaf proline (1.228 g·g - 1 ) at a low temperature than those of other tested cultivars. Again, the highest amount of chlorophyll-a (3.957 g·g - 1 ), chlorophyll-b (2.118 g·g - 1 ), chlorophyll-a/b ratio (3.6754 mg·g - 1 ) and total chlorophyll (5.051 g·g - 1 ) was measured in V2 (BR-16). The maximum total carotenoid (1.213 g·g - 1 ) was also observed in V2. In this experiment, the V2 (BR-16) showed comparatively better potentiality to survive at low temperatures (below 15 °C ) than other varieties.
Ma, J., Yamaji, N., Mitani, N., Tamai, K., Konishi, S., Fujiwara, T., Katsuhara, M. and Yano, M. (2007) An Efflux Transporter of Silicon in Rice. Nature, 448, 209-212. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05964
Melissa, A., et al. (2009) Not Just a Grain of Rice: The Quest for Quality. Trends in Plant Science, 14, 133-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2008.12.004
Roy, S., Banerjee, A., Mawkhlieng, B., Misra, A.K., Pattanayak, A. and Harish, G.D. (2015) Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Aromatic and Quality Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Landraces from North-Eastern India. PLoS ONE, 10, e0129607. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0129607
Tuteja, N., Sahoo, R., Garg, B. and Tuteja, R. (2013) Ossuv3 Dual Helicase Functions in Salinity Stress Tolerance by Maintaining Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Machinery in Rice (Oryza sativa L. Cv. IR64). The Plant Journal, 90, 218. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.12277
Golam, F., NorZulaani, K., Jennifer, A.H., Subha, B., Zulqarnain, M., Osman, M. and Mohammad, O. (2010) Evaluation of Kernel Elongation Ratio and Aroma Association in Global Popular Aromatic Rice Cultivars in Tropical Environment. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5, 1515-1522.
Tran, D.V. (2001) Closing the Rice Yield Gap for Food Security. Proceedings of the International Rice Research Conference, Vol. 31, 27-41.
Bhuiyan, N.I., Paul, D.N.R. and Jabber, M.A. (2002) Feeding the Extra Millions by 2025: Challenges for Rice Research and Extension in Bangladesh. In: National Workshop on Rice Research and Extension in Bangladesh, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, 29-31.
BRRI (Bangladesh Rice Research Institute) (2011) Annual Report for 1996, Bangladesh Rice Res. Inst. Joydebpur, Gazipur, 8-15.
Yesmin, M., Sarker, B., Kayess, M., Sagor, M., Rahman, M. and Alam, M. (2017) Performance Evaluation of Five Boro Rice Cultivars Based on Some Morpho-Chemical Characters. Asian Research Journal of Agriculture, 3, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.9734/ARJA/2017/31039
Lee, M.H. (2001) Low Temperature Tolerance in Rice: The Korean Experience. ACIAR Proceedings, ACIAR, 1998, 109-117.
Kaneda, C. (1974) Response of Indica Japonica Rice Hybrids to Low Temperature. SABRAO Journal, 6, 17-32.
Farrell, T.C., Fox, K.M., Williams, R.L., Fukai, S. and Lewin, L.G. (2006) Minimising Cold Damage during Reproductive Development among Temperate Rice Genotypes. II. Genotypic Variation and Flowering Traits Related to Cold Tolerance Screening. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 57, 89-100. https://doi.org/10.1071/AR05186
Warth, C.J. and Ougham, H.J. (1993) Gene Expression under Temperature Stress. New Phytologist, 125, 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb03862.x
Fujino, K.H., Sekiguchi, T., Sato, H., Kiuchi, Y., Nonoue, Y., Takeuchi, T., Ando, S.Y.L. and Yano, M. (2004) Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Low-Temperature Germinability in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 8, 794-799. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-003-1509-4
De Los Reyes, B.G., Morsy, M., Gibbons, J., Varma, T.S.N., Antoine, W., Mcgrath, J.M., Halgren, R. and Redus, M. (2003) A Snapshot of the Low Temperature Stress Transcriptome of Developing Rice Seedling (Oryza sativa L.) via ESTs from Subtracted cDNA Library. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 107, 1071-1082. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-003-1344-7
Ghaee, A., Moradi, F., Zare-Maivan, H., Zarinkamar, F., Pour Irandoost, H. and Sharifi, P. (2011) Physiological Responses of Two Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes to Chilling Stress at Seedling Stage. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10, 7617-7621.
Allen, D.J. and Ort, D.R. (2001) Impacts of Chilling Temperatures on Photosynthesis in Warm Climate Plants. Trends in Plant Science, 6, 36-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1360-1385(00)01808-2
Díaz, S., Morejón, R., Castro, R. and Pérez, N. (2006) Comportamiento de genotipos de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) seleccionados para tolerancia a bajas temperaturas en siembra temprana de frío. Cultivos Tropicales, 27, 71-75.
Suzuki, M., Tsukamoto, T., Inoue, H., Watanabe, S., Matsuhashi, S., Takahashi, M., Nakanishi, H., Mori, S. and Nishizawa, N.K. (2008) Deoxymugineic Acid Increases Zn Translocation in Zn Deficient Rice Plants. Plant Molecular Biology, 66, 609-617. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-008-9292-x
Ye, C.S., Fukai, I., Godwin, R., Reinke, P., Snell, J., Schiller and Basnayake, J. (2009) Cold Tolerance in Rice Varieties at Different Growth Stages. Crop and Pasture Science, 60, 328-338. https://doi.org/10.1071/CP09006
Andaya, V.C. and Mackill, D.J. (2003) Mapping of QTLs Associated with Cold Tolerance during the Vegetative Stage in Rice. Journal of Experimental Botany, 54, 2579-2585. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erg243
Setter, T.L. and Greenway, H. (1988) Growth Reductions of Rice at Low Root Temperature: Decreases in Nutrient Uptake and Development of Chlorosis. Journal of Experimental Botany, 39, 811-829. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/39.6.811
Aghaee, A., Moradi, F., Zare-Maivan, H., Zarinkamar, F., Irandoost, H.P. and Sharifi, P. (2011) Physiological Responses of Two Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes to Chilling Stress at Seedling Stage. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10, 7617-7621.
Liu, X., Zhang, Z., Shuai, J., Wang, P., Shi, W., Tao, F. and Chen, Y. (2013) Impact of Chilling Injury and Global Warming on Rice Yield in Heilongjiang Province. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 23, 85-97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-013-0995-9
UNDP and FAO (1988) Land Report Appraisal of Bangladesh for Agricultural Development Report on 2 Agro-Ecological Regions of Bangladesh. United Nations Development Program and Food and Agriculture Organization, 212-221.
BARC, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (2005) Fertilizer Recommendation Guide, 65.
Bates, L.S., Waldren, R.P. and Teare, I.D. (1973) Rapid Determination of Free Proline for Water-Stress Studies. Plant and Soil, 39, 205-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00018060
Arnon, D.I. (1949) Copper Enzymes in Isolated Chloroplasts, Polyphenol Oxidase in Beta vulgaris L. Plant Physiology, 24, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.24.1.1
Porra, R.J. (2002) The Chequered History of the Development and Use of Simultaneous Equations for the Accurate Determination of Chlorophylls a and b. Photosynthesis Research, 73, 149-156. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020470224740
Russell, D.F. (1986) MSTAT-C Package Programme. Crop and Soil Science Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing.
Hare, P.D., Cress, W.A. and Van Staden, J. (1998) Dissecting the Roles of Osmolyte Accumulation during Stress. Plant, Cell and Environment, 21, 535-553. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00309.x
Nanjo, T., Kobayashi, M., Yoshiba, Y., Kakubari, Y., Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K. and Shinozaki, K. (1999) Antisense Suppression of Proline Degradation Improves Tolerance to Freezing and Salinity in Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Letters, 461, 205-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(99)01451-9
Sarker, B.C., Haque, M.M., Bashar, M.A., Roy, B. and Rahman, M.S. (2013) Physiological Responses of Rice Seedlings towards Screening out Cold Tolerant Rice Cultivars in Northwest Bangladesh. Asian Journal of Experimental Biological Sciences, 4, 623-628.
Raven, P.H., Evert, R.F. and Eichhorn, S.E. (2005) Photosynthesis, Light, and Life. In: Raven, P.H., Evert, R.F. and Eichhorn, S.E., Eds., Biology of Plants, 7th Edition, W.H. Freeman, San Francisco, 119-127.
Kulchhum, M.U. (2011) Cold Tolerant Mechanism of Rice Cultivars Based on Physio-Morphological Characteristics. MS Thesis, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur.
Araus, J.L., Bort, J., Ceccarelli, S. and Grando, S. (1997) Relationship between Leaf Structure and Carbon Isotope Discrimination in Field Grown Barley. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 35, 533-541.
Erge, H.S., Karadeniz, F., Koca, N. and Soyer, Y. (2008) Effect of Heat Treatment on Chlorophyll Degradation and Color Loss in Green Peas. Gida, 33, 225-233.
Haldimann, P. (1999) How Do Changes in Temperature during Growth Affect Leaf Pigment Composition and Photosynthesis in Zea Mays Genotypes Differing in Sensitivity to Low Temperature? Journal of Experimental Botany, 50, 543-550. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/50.333.543
Almela, L., Fernández-López, J.A. and Roca, M.J. (2000) High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Screening of Chlorophyll Derivatives Produced during Fruit Storage. Journal of Chromatography A, 870, 483-489. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00999-1
Tonucci, L.H. and Von Elbe, J.H. (1992) Kinetics of the Formation of Zinc Complexes of Chlorophyll Derivatives. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 40, 2341-2344. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00024a004
DellaPenna, D. (1999) Carotenoid Synthesis and Function in Plants: Insights from Mutant Studies in Arabidopsis thaliana. In: The Photochemistry of Carotenoids, Springer, Dordrecht, 21-37. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac199971122205