Potential of Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Mitotic Activity in Peripheral Lymphocytes to Predict Life Expectancy of Patients with Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer after Conventional Therapy
Laboratory for Improvement of the Radiation Treatment Methods, Federal Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Saint Petersburg, Russia
,
Group for Lung Cancer Treatment, Federal Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Saint Petersburg, Russia
1 Laboratory for Improvement of the Radiation Treatment Methods, Federal Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Saint Petersburg, Russia
2 Group for Lung Cancer Treatment, Federal Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Saint Petersburg, Russia
To prevent potential overtreatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, the individual parameters of circulating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) (percentage of CD133 + HSCs, CD34 + HSCs, and mitotic activity in the circulating lymphocyte fraction) were measured before conventional cytotoxic therapy in 35 patients by flow cytometry and then compared retrospectively with their individual survival periods. The plot of dependence of the CD133 + HSC × mitotic activity product versus CD34 + HSC revealed the prognostic properties during the survival period (range 0.3 - 124 months). Discrimination of patients with an expected survival shorter than 12 months was possible based on the positions of individual points on the plot, with a sensitivity and specificity of ∼ 100 each and a diagnostic odds ratio of 1250. The evaluation of individual lymphoproliferative resources before cytotoxic treatment may be useful for the optimal therapeutic compromise between the desired inhibition of malignant target cells and the life-threatening depression of lymphocytopoiesis.
KeywordsLung CancerCirculating Hematopoietic Stem CellLymphocytePredictionSurvival Period
Grillo, G., Gan, H.K., You, B., Pond, G.R. and Chen, E.X. (2012) Assumptions of Expected Benefits in Randomized Phase III Trials Evaluating Systemic Treatments for Cancer. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 104, 590-598. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djs141
Wao, H., Mhaskar, R., Kumar, A., Miladinovic, B. and Djulbegovic, B. (2013) Survival of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer without Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Systematic Reviews, 2, 10. http://www.systematicreviewsjournal.com/content/2/1/10 https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-4053-2-10
Pallis, A.G., Gridelli, C., Wedding, U., Faivre-Finn, C., Veronesi, G., Jaklitsch, M., Luciani, A. and O’Brien, M. (2014) Management of Elderly Patients with NSCLC; Updated Expert’s Opinion Paper: EORTC Elderly Task Force, Lung Cancer Group and International Society for Geriatric Oncology. Annals of Oncology, 25, 1270-1283. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdu022
Baker, H. (2015) Overtreatment in Stage IV Lung Cancer in the USA. The Lancet Oncology, 16, e532. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00383-6
Koshy, M., Malik, R., Mahmood, U., Husain, Z., Weichselbaum, R.R. and Sher, D.J. (2015) Prevalence and Predictors of Inappropriate Delivery of Palliative Thoracic Radiotherapy for Metastatic Lung Cancer. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 107, djv278. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djv278
Badawy, A.A., Omar, A., Arafat, W., Khedr, G., Bae, S. and Grant, S. (2018) A Retrospective Evaluation of Chemotherapy Regimens in Unselected Patients with Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Journal of Cancer Therapy, 9, 314-322. https://doi.org/10.4236/jct.2018.93029
Blagden, S.P., Charman, S.C., Sharples, L.D., Magee, L.R.A. and Gilligan, D. (2003) Performance Status Score: Do Patients and Their Oncologists Agree? British Journal of Cancer, 89, 1022-1027. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6601231
Beckett, P., Callister, M., Slade, M., Harrison, R., Draffan, J., Franks, K., Lawson, M., Barnard, S. and Dodd, J. (2013) Sharing Information with Lung Cancer Patients: Guidance for Healthcare Professionals Discussing Options for Patients Who Have Lung Cancer. British Thoracic Society Reports, 5, 1-26.
Zhao, Q.-T., Yang, Y., Xu, S., Zhang, X.-P., Wang, H.-E., Zhang, H., Wang, Z.-K., Yuan, Z. and Duan, G.-C. (2015) Prognostic Role of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Lung Cancers: A Meta-Analysis Including 7,054 Patients. OncoTargets and Therapy, 8, 2731-2738.
Derman, B.A., Macklis, J.N., Azeem, M.S., Sayidine, S., Basu, S., Batus, M., Esmail, F., Borgia, J.A., Bonomi, P. and Fidler, M.J. (2017) Relationships between Longitudinal Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratios, Body Weight Changes, and Overall Survival in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. BMC Cancer, 17, 141. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-017-3122-y
Koh, Y.W., Choi, J.-H., Ahn, M.S., Choi, Y.W. and Lee, H.W. (2016) Baseline Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio Is Associated with Baseline and Subsequent Presence of Brain Metastases in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Scientific Reports, 6, Article No. 38585. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep38585
Richardson, R.B. and Allan, D.S. and Le, Y. (2014) Greater Organ Involution in Highly Proliferative Tissues Associated with the Early Onset and Acceleration of Ageing in Humans. Experimental Gerontology, 55, 80-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2014.03.015
Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) (2003) V 3.0. Publish Date: 9 August 2006, American National Standards Institute.
Shoutko, A.N. and Ekimova, L.P. (2014) Lymphocytopenia Can Contribute in Common Benefit of Cytotoxic Therapy of Cancer. Inter-Medical, 3, 5-13. http://www.inter-medical.ru/files/Archiv/26-27
Kucia, M., Ratajczak, J. and Ratajczak, M.Z. (2005) Bone Marrow as a Source of Circulating CXCR4+ Tissue-Committed Stem Cells. Biology of the Cell, 97, 133-146. https://doi.org/10.1042/BC20040069
Drapeau, C. (2010) Cracking the Stem Cell Code: Demystifying the Most Dramatic Scientific Breakthrough of Our Times. Sutton Hart Press, Goodwill Books, Hillsboro, OR, USA. https://www.christiandrapeau.com/books
Shoutko, A.N., Gerasimova, O.A., Ekimova, L.P., Zherebtsov, F.K., Mus, V.F., Granov, D.A. and Granov, A.M. (2016) Long-Term Activation of Circulating Liver-Committed Mononuclear Cells after OLT. Jacobs Journal of Regenerative Medicine, 1, 011. http://regenerativemedicine.jacobspublishers.com/images/Regenarative/J_J_Regener_ Med_1_3_011.pdf
Shoutko, A.N., Yurkova, L.E., Borodulya, K.S., Ekimova, L.P. and Matyurin, K.S. (2017) Competitive Principal of Tumor Control in Radiological Clinic. Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, 1, 1-2. http://www.oatext.com/pdf/RDI-1-107.pdf
Liesveld, J.L., Rubin, P. and Constine, L.S. (2014) Hematopoietic System. In: Rubin, P., Constine, L.S. and Marks, L.B., Eds., Adverse Late Effects of Cancer Treatment, Vol. 2, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany, 623-656. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75863-1_24
Molina, J.R., Yang, P., Cassivi, S.D., Schild, S.E. and Adjei, A.A. (2008) Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Treatment, and Survivorship. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 83, 584-594. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-6196(11)60735-0
Nelson S.L., Statistical Formulas in Excel. http://stephenlnelson.com/articles/statistical-formulas-in-excel/
Eaker, S.S., Hawley, T.S., Ramezani, A. and Hawley, R.G. (2004) Detection and Enrichment of Hematopoietic Stem Cells by Side Population Phenotype. In: Hawley, T.S. and. Hawley R.G., Eds., Methods in Molecular Biology: Flow Cytometry Protocols, 2nd Edition, Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ, 161-180. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-773-4:161
Sales-Pardo, I., Avendaño, A., Martinez-Muñoz, V., García-Escarp, M., Celis, R., Whittle, P., Barquinero, J., Domingo, J.C., Marin, P. and Petriz, J. (2006) Flow Cytometry of the Side Population: Tips & Tricks. Cellular Oncology, 28, 37-53.
Loveland, J.L. (2013) Mathematical Justification of Introductory Hypothesis Tests and Development of Reference Materials. All Graduate Plan B and Other Reports. 14, Utah State University, USA. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/gradreports/14
Glas, A.S., Lijmer, J.G., Prins, M.H., Bonsel, G.J. and Bossuyt, P.M. (2003) The Diagnostic Odds Ratio: A Single Indicator of Test Performance. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 56, 1129-1135. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-4356(03)00177-X
Shoutko, A., Ekimova, L., Mus, V. and Sokurenko, V. (2012) Fluctuations of CD34+ Cells Number in Blood of Cancer Patients during Final Year of Life. Medical and Health Science Journal (MHSJ)/Academic Publishing Platforms, 13, 7-13. https://academicpublishingplatforms.com/article.php
Shoutko, A.N. and Ekimova, L.P. (2014) The Impact of Middle Age on the Viability of Patients with Nonmalignant and Malignant Diseases. Cancer Research Journal, 2, 114-120. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.crj.20140206.14
Sun, L., Brown, R., Chen, S., Zhuge, Q. and Su, D.-M. (2012) Aging Induced Decline in T-Lymphopoiesis Is Primarily Dependent on Status of Progenitor Niches in the Bone Marrow and Thymus. Aging, 4, 606-619. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.100487
Harding, C., Pompeiand, F. and Wilson, R. (2012) Peak and Decline in Cancer Incidence, Mortality, and Prevalence at Old Ages. Cancer, 118, 1371-1386. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.26376
Fliedner, T. and Graessle, D. (2008) Hematopoietic Cell Renewal System: Mechanisms of Coping and Failing after Chronic Exposure to Ionizing Radiation. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 47, 63-69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-007-0148-6
Garau, M.M., Calduch, A.L. and López, E.C. (2011) Radiobiology of the Acute Radiation Syndrome. Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy, 16, 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2011.06.001
Sieburg, H.B., Cattarossi, G. and Muller-Sieburg, C.E. (2013) Lifespan Differences in Hematopoietic Stem Cells Are Due to Imperfect Repair and Unstable Mean-Reversion. PLoS Computational Biology, 9, e1003006. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003006
Hur, J., Yang, H.-M., Yoon, C.-H., Lee, C.-S., Park, K.-W., Kim, J.-H., Kim, T.-Y., Kim, J.-Y., Kang, H.-J., Chae, I.-H., Oh, B.-H., Park, Y.-B. and Kim, H.-S. (2007) Identification of a Novel Role of T Cells in Postnatal Vasculogenesis: Characterization of Endothelial Progenitor Cell Colonies. Circulation, 116, 1671-1682. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.694778
Yu, H.-K., Lee, H.-J., Choi, H.-N., Ahn, J.-H., Choi, J.-Y., Song, H.-S., Lee, K.-H., Yoon, Y., Yi, L.S.H., Kim, J.-S., Kim, S.J. and Kim, T.J. (2013) Characterization of CD45 - CD31 + /CD105 + Circulating Cells in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Gynecologic Malignancies. Clinical Cancer Research, 19, 5340-5350. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-3685
Van Zant, G. and Liang, Y. (2012) Concise Review: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging, Life Span, and Transplantation. Stem Cells Translational Medicine, 1, 651-657.
Colmegna, I., Diaz-Borjon, A., Fujii, H., Schaefer, L., Goronzy, J.J. and Weyand, C.M. (2008) Defective Proliferative Capacity and Accelerated Telomeric Loss of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 58, 990-1000. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.23287
Tomasettiand, C. and Levy, D. (2010) Role of Symmetric and Asymmetric Division of Stem Cells in Developing Drug Resistance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107, 16766-16771. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1007726107
Shoutko, A.N., Yurkova, L.E., Borodulya, K.S. and Ekimova, L.P. (2015) Lymphocytopenia and Cytotoxic Therapy in Patients with Advanced Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Research Journal, 3, 47-51. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.crj.20150303.11
Shoutko, A.N., Yurkova, L.E., Borodulya, K.S. and Ekimova, L.P. (2016) Protracted Half-Body Irradiation Instead of Chemotherapy: Life Span and Lymphocytopenia in Relapsed Ovarian Cancer. International Journal of Tumor Therapy, 5, 1-7.
Potential of Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Mitotic Activity in Peripheral Lymphocytes to Predict Life Expectancy of Patients with Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer after Conventional Therapy — Oak Academic Publishing