Real-Time Modelling of Dynamic Behaviour for Clinker Rotary Kilns: <i>Learning from Experiment and Theory</i>

Abstract

The authors’ objective is to estimate a dynamic behaviour of Clinker Rotary Kiln when the state variables of the process can be measured only at a few locations. These variables (gas, clinker temperatures and clinker mass distributions) are elaborated with the help of heat, pressure and mass balance partial differential equations. The resulting state model, decomposed into five phenomenological zones of CRK, is used as a first step to define a set of Basic Operating Functions. A second step is used to identify a set of Operating Functions. These OFs have also been decomposed into longitudinal distributions of CRK to replace the constant, unknown or unmeasured parameters. Based on the feature of each zone, the OFs are obtained by solving the steady-state model using the standard Newton-Raphson procedure. The CRK is thus characterized by the state variables and intelligent software of the Numerical Estimated Operating Functions and method is proposed to reevaluate the set of the state variables, in adequate space step-size. Consequently, the state variables profiles are linked with the corresponding OFs, which have a direct influence on submitted disturbances for calibration.