Information is limited on the potential of cowpea-wheat double cropping in the southern United States to enhance soil health and increase net returns. Using the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) crop model and weather data spanning 80 years, we assessed the effects of soil type (Darco: Grossarenic Paleudults and Lilbert: Arenic Plinthic Paleudults ), N application rate (0, 100, and 200 kg • ha − 1 ), and El Ni ñ o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the grain yields of double-cropped cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L.) and wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) in this region. Yield differences were tested using the pairwise Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results showed that yields of wheat that followed cowpea ( c wheat) were greater than those that followed fallow ( f wheat). The soil type effects on c wheat and f wheat yields decreased with an increase in N rate. The soil type effect on cowpea yields was greater during La Ni ñ a. The ENSO impact on cowpea yields was greater on the less fertile soil Darco. Yields of c wheat and f wheat increased with an increase in N rate up to 100 and 200 kg • ha − 1 , respectively. The yield response of c wheat to N rate was less than that of f wheat. The N rate effects on c wheat and f wheat yields were greater on Darco and under El Ni ñ o. Yields of cowpea were greatest under El Ni ñ o, whereas those of wheat were greatest under La Ni ñ a. The ENSO effect on cowpea yields was greater on Darco. With an increase in N rate, the effect of ENSO was diminished.
KeywordsCowpea-WheatDSSATDouble-CroppingENSOModel
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